Abstract Spatial learning using innovative tools like the Microsoft HoloLens is becoming more popular in STEM fields and education. However, not every individual seems to benefit from this type of...Show moreAbstract Spatial learning using innovative tools like the Microsoft HoloLens is becoming more popular in STEM fields and education. However, not every individual seems to benefit from this type of instruction the same way. This might be caused by individual differences in spatial ability, but also by the cognitive load that AR learning can generate that could vary between individuals. This study tries to investigate several factors that might influence spatial learning when using 3D AR tools like the Microsoft HoloLens. The impact of the factors embodiment, spatial ability, spatial anxiety, and gender on spatial learning are examined and whether there is an relationship between these factors. Participants were 110 individuals between the age 18-35 that performed several online embodied and non-embodied spatial ability tests and had to fill in an spatial anxiety questionnaire to assess self-reported spatial anxiety. A three-way mixed ANOVA was performed on the different factors with two between subject variables – gender and spatial anxiety – and one within subject variable – embodiment in spatial ability, with two levels: embodied and non-embodied spatial ability score. Results show comparable scores between embodied and non-embodied cognition, genders, and spatial anxiety types, hence no interaction effect was found, F(1, 77) = .011, p = .915, partial η2 < .001. Furthermore, no significant main effects were found. The results from the current study are not line with previous research, making it debatable whether these factors are of main influence on spatial learning and suggesting that there are other factors at play. Reasons for the conflicting results as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.Show less
The present study investigated operating room (OR) traffic at the OR’s of two Dutch hospitals. OR traffic is one of the multiple causes of surgical site infections (SSIs). Hospitals are trying to...Show moreThe present study investigated operating room (OR) traffic at the OR’s of two Dutch hospitals. OR traffic is one of the multiple causes of surgical site infections (SSIs). Hospitals are trying to reduce their amount of OR traffic as much as possible in order to reduce the number of SSIs. Knowing how much variation of the amount of OR traffic occurs and knowing the reasons for its occurrence, is important to actually be able to reduce OR traffic to an tolerable level. For this study, OR traffic was investigated by observing OR traffic during surgeries (N = 83). On average, 4.29 door openings per hour occurred. Between the hospitals, the averages of OR traffic per hour differed greatly (hospital 1 M = 3.00, hospital 2 M = 5.23). Overall, there was a positive linear relation between the amount of OR traffic and the duration of a surgery. Two-way traffic was related to less overall OR traffic. Visible signs about the OR traffic policy did not seem effective in reducing OR traffic. Based on the results of this study, practical recommendations to improve OR traffic policy were proposed. Also, we advised on improving OR traffic registration and efficient behavior of OR personnel to reduce OR traffic.Show less
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. The first line treatment for PTSD is prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. Inhibitory learning theory proposes...Show morePosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. The first line treatment for PTSD is prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. Inhibitory learning theory proposes threat expectancy violation as a strategy to enhance effectiveness of PE. No standardized instrument for the assessment of threat expectancies is currently available. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of the TREE, a novel instrument to assess threat expectancies. The reliability and factor structure of the TREE were assessed in a non-clinical sample of 158 trauma-exposed individuals. The TREE showed excellent reliability and was found to consist of four subscales: 1. Fear of dying/losing control, 2. Externalizing symptoms, 3. Negative evaluation, 4. Internalizing symptoms. The reliability of all subscales was good with an internal consistency ranging from .75 to .85. The TREE allows clinicians to tailor exposure sessions to the individual threat appraisal profile of their patients. Furthermore, by making threat expectancies explicit, it can aid in further understanding the mechanisms underlying PE. The factor structure of the TREE should be confirmed and its generalizability to the non-clinical and clinical population should be corroborated in future research.Show less
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to employees' individual actions and behaviors outside their formal job description, which are not formally requested or directly rewarded but can...Show moreOrganizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to employees' individual actions and behaviors outside their formal job description, which are not formally requested or directly rewarded but can be beneficial to themselves and the greater organizational functioning and efficiency. Due to technological developments, organizations and their employees are increasingly participating on social media, where employees can express their support for their organization. This online behavior can be viewed as online ambassadorship behavior (OA). The current study (N = 196) uses a survey to investigate the differences in employees' general engagement, perception, and the motives to engage in online ambassadorship in comparison to two affiliative OCB's, namely civic virtue (CV) and organizational loyalty (OL). As expected, engagement in OA was lower than in CV and OL and perceived as socially riskier and more visible. Unexpectedly, there were no significant relationships between self-enhancement and organizational identification regarding OA engagement, which indicated that self-enhancement and organizational identification are not motives for employee’s engagement. In sum, this study provided evidence that employees’ perceived perception influences engagement in OA.Show less
Background and aim: Although literature suggests that quality of life (QoL) in women with substance use disorders (SUDs) is lower than in men, it remains unknown whether this 1) applies to SUD...Show moreBackground and aim: Although literature suggests that quality of life (QoL) in women with substance use disorders (SUDs) is lower than in men, it remains unknown whether this 1) applies to SUD patients with psychiatric comorbidities in the Netherlands; and 2) whether there is a gender difference in QoL gain during treatment. This study therefore aimed to compare QoL (gain) between genders. Because research linked mood problems to worse QoL and substance usage in women, it was also the aim to compare genders in the association between (change in) mood problems and (change in) QoL. Methods: The longitudinal design involved data of day-patient treatments between 2018-2020. Sixty nine females and one hundred and thirty males with SUDs and comorbidities were assessed, using the EQ-5D-3L and the ICECAP-A. Analysis of variance and moderation analyses were performed with multiple imputation, controlling for treatment group. Results: At pretest, QoL in women was significantly lower when compared to men. There was no significant gender difference concerning gain in QoL, as well as regarding the association between mood problems and QoL at pretest and posttest. Conclusions: Women with SUDs and comorbidities experience lower QoL than men, a gender gap that is less profound in the normal population. Stigma and adverse life conditions arguably play a role. There is no evidence that men and women profit differently from treatment. In any case, mood problems, trauma experiences and meaningful activities could be considered more in future studies, as their association with QoL seems to be critical.Show less
Fatigue is commonly seen in a large range of neuropsychological disorders and is a problematic symptom when conducting music therapy. Fatigue slows down the treatment and limits treatment options....Show moreFatigue is commonly seen in a large range of neuropsychological disorders and is a problematic symptom when conducting music therapy. Fatigue slows down the treatment and limits treatment options. One common theory about the occurrence of fatigue is that knowledge about stimuli affects how much fatigue these stimuli induce. The basis for this theory is that surprising stimuli are thought to be more fatigue-inducing compared to unsurprising stimuli. To test this idea, we investigated how expertise affected the amount of induced fatigue experienced when listening to music samples that differed in tempo and complexity. It was also investigated how complexity and tempo affected the amount of induced fatigue that 72 participants experienced during a tapping task. The complexity of music was defined by the polyrhythmical structure of the used stimuli. Twenty-one samples were classified as low complexity samples and 21 samples as high complexity samples. The tempi of the used samples were used as a control variable. Three tempi were used, grouping low, medium, and high tempo, which all consisted of 14 samples. We expected that an increase in complexity would cause more induced fatigue ratings and that this effect of complexity was more apparent in the low expertise group compared to the high expertise group. We also expected that an increase in tempo would lead to an increase in induced fatigue. The main effect of complexity was studied using a Friedman Anova, (p =.401). The effect of tempo was also examined using a Friedman Anova and showed no significant effect (p =.486). In both the tempo and complexity analyses, there was no significant difference between the fatigue scores based on expertise scores. A possible explanation for this lack of effect is that expertise in music nor the complexity of a stimulus does not affect how tiring a stimulus is. Implications of this research could be that the personalization of music samples regarding their musical complexity and tempo based on someone’s musical expertise does not affect the fatigue experienced by the patients.Show less
