Achtergrond Talloze kinderen worden mishandeld, hieruit vloeit veel psychische problematiek voort. Eén van deze problemen is een laag zelfvertrouwen, dit heeft negatieve gevolgen voor de rest van...Show moreAchtergrond Talloze kinderen worden mishandeld, hieruit vloeit veel psychische problematiek voort. Eén van deze problemen is een laag zelfvertrouwen, dit heeft negatieve gevolgen voor de rest van het leven. Doel Deze studie deed onderzoek naar de relatie tussen verschillende typen kindermishandeling en zelfvertrouwen in de adolescentie en de rol die sekse hierbij speelt. Methoden De data zijn verkregen uit een multi-method two-generation onderzoek genaamd RE-PAIR (Janssen et al., 2021). De Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short-Form) (Bernstein & Fink, 1997) en de Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Avison & Rosenberg, 1981) zijn ingevuld door 115 respondenten (78 meiden en 37 jongens), waarvan 80 niet-klinische adolescenten en 35 adolescenten met depressie. Door middel van regressieanalysen zijn de relaties en moderatie onderzocht. Resultaten Kindermishandeling verklaart een significant deel van de variantie in zelfvertrouwen (R2 = .130; p < .05). Emotionele mishandeling is de sterkste negatieve voorspeller van het zelfvertrouwen (β = -.293; t(86) = -2,287; p < .05). Daarnaast bleek er een interactie-effect te zijn van sekse (t(88) = - 2,554; p < .05). Bij meiden hangt emotionele mishandeling significant negatief samen met het zelfvertrouwen (β = -.443; t(61) = -3.856; p = < .001), maar niet bij jongens (β = .048; t(27) = .249; p = .805). Discussie Kindermishandeling heeft een negatief verband met zelfvertrouwen, waarbij met name emotionele mishandeling een grote rol speelt. Bij meiden daalt het zelfvertrouwen bij het meemaken van mishandeling. Nu we kennis hebben van deze relatie, kunnen we proberen weinig zelfvertrouwen te beperken of voorkomen bij mishandelde populaties.Show less
Although ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is increasingly used in clinical and research settings due to its high ecological validity, low compliance rates still hinder its full fruition....Show moreAlthough ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is increasingly used in clinical and research settings due to its high ecological validity, low compliance rates still hinder its full fruition. Inconsistency in which predictors interfere with EMA compliance persists. As students frequently suffer from mental health problems, we as a Bachelor project group conducted an EMA study measuring mental health and related behaviors in 84 Bachelor students of Dutch universities via a smartphone application. The study consisted of a baseline assessment, a two-week-long EMA with four measurements per day, and a post-assessment. My goal was to explore whether mental health and self-efficacy predict EMA compliance and whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between mental health and compliance? I computed a multiple linear regression model and mediation analysis with bootstrapping using the program “PROCESS” (Hayes, 2009) on IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24. The dependent variable was compliance, derived from the percentage completed EMA surveys, and the independent variables were mental health and self-efficacy at baseline, where the latter ran as the mediator between mental health and compliance. I added age and gender as covariates. Results depicted a mean EMA compliance rate of 83.9% with minimal time variations. No predictor was significantly related to EMA compliance (R 2 = 0%). The mediation analysis showed non-significant direct and indirect paths with compliance. This demonstrates that students generally complied well with the EMA and did not systematically miss EMA reports based on their mental health and self-efficacy, which is promising for future EMA use.Show less
Background The World Health Organization has classified stress as “the health epidemic of 21st century”. Extensive studies were launched to assess its effects on the economy and employees’...Show moreBackground The World Health Organization has classified stress as “the health epidemic of 21st century”. Extensive studies were launched to assess its effects on the economy and employees’ performance. However, working adults are only one of many social groups affected. Stress starts much earlier in our lives and definitely affects many university students. While a little stress is actually beneficial for learning, prolonged and uncontrolled pressure can cause devastating and long-lasting effects. Since stress is an inevitably part of the university life and cannot be eradicated altogether, there is an urgent need to offer students effective and attractive means to reduce its adverse effects. An extensive body of research has already proven that time spent outdoors is a powerful factor in maintaining our physical and mental wellbeing. This paper investigates in particular the effects of time spent outdoors on stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms experienced by university students. Method The Ecological Momentary Assessment data collection method was used with a group of 84 university students over a period of two weeks. The participants were asked questions about their mental health and time spent outdoors. A questionnaire was prompted 4-times per day. A dynamic network analysis was used to show the results and consequently the correlation between the constructs (anxiety, stress, and depression) and time spent outdoors. To investigate the dynamics between the variables, contemporaneous network, temporal network and between-subject networks were estimated. Results The results demonstrate two things. First, there is more positive associations between Outdoors and mental health in the temporal network (predictions over time), as compared to the contemporaneous network (association within same timeframe). Second, all mental health constructs have proven to be interconnected, with the strongest connection indicating that time spent outdoors could potentially lead to a decrease of the feeling difficulty to relax or having nothing to look forward to. Conclusion The broad implication of the present research is that time spent outdoors does have a positive effect on mental health of university students. However, its effects are not immediate and manifests itself over time, which in our case was a timeframe of 3 hours duration.Show less
