The current study examined to what extent the quality of the sibling relationship and the quality of the parent-child relationship is linked to aggressive behavior between siblings during conflicts...Show moreThe current study examined to what extent the quality of the sibling relationship and the quality of the parent-child relationship is linked to aggressive behavior between siblings during conflicts. In addition, it was examined whether the quality of the parent-child relationship would moderate the relation between the quality of the sibling relationship and aggressive behavior between siblings during conflict. These relations were examined with a sample of 26 families, of which two siblings aged 8-15 years old and one parent participated. The amount of aggressive behavior during conflicts between siblings, quality of the sibling relationship and the quality of the parent-child relationship were measured by questionnaires. The results of this study showed a negative relation between the sibling relationship quality and aggressive behavior during conflicts between siblings, a positive relation between the quality of the sibling relationship and the quality of the parent-child relationship and a negative relation between the quality of the parent-child relationship and aggressive behavior during conflicts between siblings. The quality of the parent-child relationship did not act as a moderator for the relationship between the quality of the sibling relationship and the degree of aggressive behavior in conflicts between siblings. These results indicate a possible indirect role of the parent-child relationship quality in the degree of aggressive behavior in conflicts between siblings.Show less
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that still holds many uncertainties regarding the etiology. In order to provide the most effective assistance to children with ASD,...Show moreAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that still holds many uncertainties regarding the etiology. In order to provide the most effective assistance to children with ASD, understanding the cognitive foundation of this disorder is crucial. There are several theories on this subject, yet there is limited research delving deeper into the potential connections between these theories. This research focused on the Central Coherence Theory and the Executive Dysfunction Theory and investigated whether there is a relation between these factors in explaining ASD. For this purpose, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Task, Tower of Hanoi, Picture Span and Autism Spectrum Questionnaire were administered to 89 children aged between 8 and 11 from six different primary schools in the Netherlands. Correlation analyzes were conducted to examine whether performance on central coherence, planning, and working memory correlated with the level of ASD traits. Using the PROCESS Macro, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate whether executive functions could mediate the relationship between central coherence and ASD characteristics. The results of this study indicated that neither central coherence nor planning nor working memory were associated with the number of ASD characteristics. Moreover, no mediating effect of planning or working memory could be found. The fact that the results were not in line with the expectations could possibly be related to the non-clinical sample used in the current study, among other things. Future research should continue to focus on further investigation into the relationship between central coherence and executive functions, carefully taking into account the heterogeneity of ASD.Show less
Competency-based intervention is an approach in youth services focusing on enhancing skills aligned with age-appropriate developmental tasks. It is employed across various contexts and for diverse...Show moreCompetency-based intervention is an approach in youth services focusing on enhancing skills aligned with age-appropriate developmental tasks. It is employed across various contexts and for diverse target populations. However, the extent of evidence supporting this method in literature is unclear. This thesis synthesizes multiple sources to provide a comprehensive overview of to which extend this topic has been researched: What is known about this methodology, its strengths and weaknesses, and the specific target groups under investigation? Through a narrative review, ten evidence-based and seven non-evidence-based sources have been integrated to present a holistic perspective on the field of competency-based intervention. Several sources have indicated that the application of this model is effective in improving behavior and psychosocial conditions, including youth residing in residential facilities, high-risk families, adolescents with severe psychiatric/behavioral issues, and elementary school children with antisocial behavior. Although indications have been found that this method brings many advantages in practice, it was concluded that there is not enough evidence for competence-based work in the literature due to limitations in the studies. There is a need for further research to assess the effectiveness of this widely used approach.Show less
Aim: In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to improving the care and support of people with intellectual disabilities. A consequence is that many studies have been conducted into the...Show moreAim: In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to improving the care and support of people with intellectual disabilities. A consequence is that many studies have been conducted into the effects of support on the well-being of people with an intellectual disability. But research into groups that have improved, deteriorated or remained the same in terms of quality of life in combination with support needs was lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the forward, backward and equal groups and to discover whether the groups differ in support needs. This is relevant because it can improve care and support. Method: Over a period of 4 years, 234 participants with an intellectual disability between the ages of 17 and 71 took part. To measure the quality of life of people with an intellectual disability, the San Martin Scale was used, completed by a supervisor. The support needs were identified with the Contextual Interview, this was done with the help of family, psychologist and supervisors. Both measuring instruments were administered three times in 4 years. Results: the results show that the quality of life differs over time. The forward, backward and equal groups differ in the domains: housing, communication, attachment, self-determination and physical needs. This research suggests that housing, communication, attachment and (physical) needs influence the progression of quality of life. Conclusion: the findings show that there are differences between the forward, backward and equal groups on domains of support needs. This research suggests that good support per domain leads to improvement or stabilization of the quality of life of people with an intellectual disability.Show less
Central coherence is the ability to perceive, process and integrate incoming information to put it in the right context and give it meaning. Central coherence is an important skill that aids people...Show moreCentral coherence is the ability to perceive, process and integrate incoming information to put it in the right context and give it meaning. Central coherence is an important skill that aids people in understanding situations they encounter in daily life but is also an important skill to support the process of learning. After all, new information has to be processed, organised and integrated, taking into account overall context and meaning. Research into autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the past 4 decades has provided multiple findings that indicate that people with ASD have weak central coherence skills and therefore lack the ability to create meaningful or coherent wholes, but research findings have been mixed. In this study a process-oriented dynamic version of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), in which the training part was built up according to the ‘graduated prompts’ method, was used to measure and train central coherence. Furthermore, the potential relationship between ASD characteristics of the children in this study and central coherence or improved central coherence following training was assessed. The participants in this study consisted of 49 pupils in grade 5 or 6 of regular Dutch primary school education (M = 8.96 years, SD = .76 years). The dynamic test, including training based on the ‘graduated prompts’ method, lead to significantly more progression in structuring the drawing of the complex figure compared to the unguided control group. Regarding a potential relationship between ASD characteristics and central coherence or improved central coherence, no relationship was found in this study.Show less
Aggressive behaviour is one of the most common behavioural issues in children and adolescents. Given its negative effects on social, emotional and academic development, early intervention is deemed...Show moreAggressive behaviour is one of the most common behavioural issues in children and adolescents. Given its negative effects on social, emotional and academic development, early intervention is deemed necessary. This study investigated the predictive role of emotion regulation and executive functioning, along with the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between executive functioning and aggression problems. This current correlational study is part of the TRIXY project. The sample consisted of 47 children between the ages of three and seven year old. Aggression was measured using the Child Behaviour Checklist, emotion regulation was measured using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire – Very short form and the executive functions inhibition, planning ability, working memory and cognitive flexibility were measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) and the BRIEF-P. The findings indicated that children who experienced more difficulties in executive functioning exhibited heightened levels of aggressive behaviour. Additionally, research showed that emotion regulation is a mediating factor in the relation between executive functioning and aggression. However, the relation between these three constructs differ when splitting the sample in a group consisting of children aged three to four years of age and a group consisting of children who are five to seven years of age, indicating that the relation between these three constructs changes during development. Furthermore, research showed that inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were predictors of emotion regulation problems and aggression, with inhibition being the most significant predictor of aggression in all ages. Results showed no relation between planning ability, emotion regulation and aggression. This research contributes to the development of effective interventions and the understanding of the development of aggression.Show less
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between parental mental well-being and parenting skills and whether this relationship differs based on the child's temperament. Parenting...Show moreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relation between parental mental well-being and parenting skills and whether this relationship differs based on the child's temperament. Parenting skills are crucial factors in a child's emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioral development. Data were collected from 20 parents of young children (3 - 5 years old). Parenting skills were assessed using self-report questionnaires regarding confidence in parenting, reflective capacity, and parental sensitivity. The child's temperament was also assessed through questionnaires filled out by the parents. All multiple regressions were non-significant, and the relationships between parental mental well-being and parenting skills were not moderated by the child's temperament. This means that parental mental well-being and the child's temperament were not sufficiently predictive of parental self-confidence, reflective capacity, and parental sensitivity in parenting. By examining the correlations, a moderate positive relationship was found between parental mental well-being and their confidence in parenting. Parents with higher mental well-being had more confidence in their parenting. Parental mental well-being was negatively associated with their reflective capacity, indicating that parents with lower mental well-being displayed higher levels of reflective capacity. A moderate positive relationship was found between the child's temperament and parental sensitivity, suggesting that parents of children with a more challenging temperament were generally more sensitive in their parenting.Show less
Er is een landelijk significant effect van het gebruik van Twitter/X op het aantal voorkeurstemmen dat een kandidaat krijgt tijdens de Tweede Kamer verkiezingen. In deze studie zal worden nagegaan...Show moreEr is een landelijk significant effect van het gebruik van Twitter/X op het aantal voorkeurstemmen dat een kandidaat krijgt tijdens de Tweede Kamer verkiezingen. In deze studie zal worden nagegaan of dit ook geldt tijdens gemeenteraadsverkiezingen. De gemeenteraadsverkiezing van 2022 wordt als steekproef genomen. Hierbij zal ook het type tweets dat politici uitzenden, politiek of persoonlijk, worden meegenomen in de analyse. Hiervoor is een steekproef genomen uit de drie provincies uit de Randstad: de gemeente Capelle aan den IJssel (Zuid-Holland, 33 raadszetels), gemeente Haarlem (Noord-Holland, 39 raadszetels) en gemeente Utrecht (Utrecht, 45 raadszetels). De resultaten tonen aan dat er geen significant verband is tussen Twittergebruik en voorkeurstemmen in gemeenteraadsverkiezingen. Lijstpositie en of de kandidaat een vrouw is blijken, zoals eerder onderzoek ook reeds heeft uitgewezen, de belangrijkste voorspellers voor het behalen van voorkeurstemmen.Show less
Financiële zorgen maken een steeds groter deel uit van het studentenleven (NIBUD, 2022). Eerdere onderzoeken benadrukken dat financiële zorgen het subjectief welzijn negatief beïnvloeden, doordat...Show moreFinanciële zorgen maken een steeds groter deel uit van het studentenleven (NIBUD, 2022). Eerdere onderzoeken benadrukken dat financiële zorgen het subjectief welzijn negatief beïnvloeden, doordat financiële zorgen onder andere emotionele uitputting en psychische klachten veroorzaken (van Vreder & Thijssen, 2019). Eerdere bevindingen toonden daarentegen aan dat deelname aan vrijetijdsactiviteiten een positieve invloed kan hebben op het subjectief welzijn, en het subjectief welzijn dus kan verbeteren (Brajša-Žganec et al., 2011; Tonon et al., 2013; Sirgy et al., 2017). Echter verschillen mensen in de vaardigheid om te kunnen genieten (hedonistisch vermogen) en worden niet alle mensen op dezelfde manier (negatief) beïnvloed door financiële zorgen. De invloed van financiële zorgen op de ervaring van vrijetijdsactiviteiten is daarnaast niet eerder onderzocht, terwijl financiële zorgen de ervaring van vrijetijdsactiviteiten op een vergelijkbare manier zouden kunnen belemmeren als hoe financiële zorgen het subjectief welzijn belemmeren. Er is meer kennis nodig over hoe financiële zorgen en de vrijetijdsbeleving bijdragen aan het subjectief welzijn en de individuele verschillen hierin, omdat studenten steeds meer onder financiële druk komen te staan wat ten koste gaat van hun studie. Het doel van dit onderzoek was dan ook om een verklaring te geven over hoe financiële zorgen bij studenten een negatieve invloed hebben op het subjectief welzijn en de ervaring van genot tijdens vrijetijdsactiviteiten. De resultaten hebben aangetoond dat financiële zorgen een negatieve invloed hebben op het subjectief welzijn, maar er werd geen significante relatie gevonden tussen de ervaring van genot tijdens vrijetijdsactiviteiten met het subjectief welzijn en financiële zorgen. Bovendien bleek het hedonistisch vermogen geen significante moderator te zijn in de relatie tussen financiële zorgen en de ervaring van genot tijdens vrijetijdsactiviteiten. Tot slot was een tekortkoming van dit onderzoek was dat de twee metingen van de ervaring van genot tijdens vrijetijdsactiviteiten significant met elkaar verschillen. Vervolgonderzoek kan zich richten op het ontwikkelen van één maat van de ervaring van genot tijdens vrijetijdsactiviteiten. Daarnaast kan vervolgonderzoek zich richten op mogelijke interventies om financiële zorgen bij studenten te verminderen.Show less
In Nederland zijn veel kinderen die het Nederlands als tweede taal op school leren. Dit zijn zowel kinderen die zelf uit het buitenland komen als kinderen waarvan de ouders een andere taal spreken....Show moreIn Nederland zijn veel kinderen die het Nederlands als tweede taal op school leren. Dit zijn zowel kinderen die zelf uit het buitenland komen als kinderen waarvan de ouders een andere taal spreken. Het is aan de leerkrachten om deze kinderen het Nederlands te leren, wat gezien het lerarentekort in Nederland geen gemakkelijke taak is. In de literatuur lijkt weinig onderscheid gemaakt te worden tussen strategieën voor de bevordering van de woordenschat die door de leerkracht in een klas uitgevoerd kunnen worden of die individueel met een kind uitgevoerd moeten worden. Het literatuuronderzoek heeft zich gefocust op het formuleren van strategieën voor de bevordering van de woordenschat van tweedetaalleerders door de leerkracht in het basisonderwijs. Dit heeft geleid tot de formulering van tien methoden: verhalen, rijke taal, Duolingo, thema’s, afbeeldingen, gebaren, ondertiteling, teksten aanpassen en herhaling. Deze methoden zijn geplaatst in het 5R-model, dat bestaat uit de stappen Receiving, Recognising, Retaining, Retrieving en Recycling. De methoden zijn ook verder onderbouwd op basis van het informatieverwerkingsmodel, de dual code theory en woordenschatleerstrategieën. Vervolgens is ook gekeken naar de effectiviteit van deze methoden. De methoden Duolingo, ondertiteling en teksten aanpassen bleken gemengd effectief en de andere methoden effectief. Om voor drie basisscholen specifieke aanbevelingen te doen over hoe de inzet van deze methoden bij op school gaat is er een enquête uitgestuurd. In deze enquête is de bekendheid en het gebruik van de methoden onder de leerkrachten is onderzocht. In deze enquête zijn verschillen gevonden tussen het gebruik van methoden en de bekendheid van de leerkrachten met deze methoden. Op basis van de enquête wordt de scholen aangeraden zich te focussen op het gebruik van gebaren, moeilijkere teksten in te zetten en activiteiten uit te voeren na het voorlezen of vertellen van een verhaal.Show less
