Gender variant children can experience gender dysphoria. When a child with gender dysphoria is supported is his or her gender identity at a young age through a social transition, this may lead to...Show moreGender variant children can experience gender dysphoria. When a child with gender dysphoria is supported is his or her gender identity at a young age through a social transition, this may lead to an overall improvement in well-being. However, some children who went through a social transition at a young age, return to their birth gender when they are older. This means that there is still no firm advice for parents of gender variant children. It is therefore important to inform parents about the positive and negative sides of a social transition. This systematic review synthesizes studies concerning the experiences of transgender parenting in the United States, Canada and Western Europe. The articles were selected through searching in various databases. Out of 449 identified articles, 24 articles remained. Most parents across these 24 studies report interpersonal processes (emotions, concerns) and interactions with relatives and health-care professionals that were not always supportive. Although parents describe mostly negative experiences, positive experiences such as the positive effect that a social transition has on the mental health of the child outweigh the negative experiences. These experiences suggest that parents of gender variant children may rely less on the traditional support networks that do provide support to other parents. A theme that recurs frequently is not knowing if parents are doing the right thing. This appears to be a genuine fear. Not only because there are no established guidelines or advice for raising a gender variant child, but also because detransition is becoming more prevalent. Follow-up studies should address the experiences of parents whose gender variant child detransitioned after a social transition at a young age. Furthermore, it seems that there is still a lot of ignorance within the health care system according gender variance and social transitions. Education on this topic is required.Show less
Playful learning experience such as the emerging educational version of escape rooms give teachers new opportunities in digital and game based learning, for example in teaching 21st century skills....Show morePlayful learning experience such as the emerging educational version of escape rooms give teachers new opportunities in digital and game based learning, for example in teaching 21st century skills. Based on flow theory it is expected that learners can experience increased levels of skill and challenge (flow) and plenty of immersion and engagement in an educational escape room. Here we examined the best predictor and potential mediatiors of the psychological constructs skill, challenge, immersion and engagement in the relationship with perceived learning. Another goal in this research was exploring the potential individual differences in the experience of flow like age, gender, media experience, cognitive development and collaboration. For the purpose of our last goal, an extensive qualitative research was carried out to examine the group of learners who didn’t experienced flow while playing. The research also provides insight into positive points and improvements for escape room design in the future. Five school classes with students between 10-13 years (N=141) have played the educational escape room of the Bibliotheek Eemland for an hour. Through puzzles and mysteries, the students followed a storyline about a missing vlogger. Learning objectives were various 21st century skills such as social media understanding and programming. Data has been obtained with a self-report questionnaire and additional information from the teacher. It turned out that skill and challenge where the best predictor of the perceived learning. Interesting, because based on the theory, skill and challenge are used to express the degree of flow experiences. Collaboration turned out to be positive related to the flow experience. Most of the students experienced flow and high levels of immersion and engagement while playing the educational escape room, regardless of their personal characteristics. But indications are found for ‘a lot of previous experience with escape rooms’, which may be related to not experiencing flow.Show less
