The present study investigated operating room (OR) traffic at the OR’s of two Dutch hospitals. OR traffic is one of the multiple causes of surgical site infections (SSIs). Hospitals are trying to...Show moreThe present study investigated operating room (OR) traffic at the OR’s of two Dutch hospitals. OR traffic is one of the multiple causes of surgical site infections (SSIs). Hospitals are trying to reduce their amount of OR traffic as much as possible in order to reduce the number of SSIs. Knowing how much variation of the amount of OR traffic occurs and knowing the reasons for its occurrence, is important to actually be able to reduce OR traffic to an tolerable level. For this study, OR traffic was investigated by observing OR traffic during surgeries (N = 83). On average, 4.29 door openings per hour occurred. Between the hospitals, the averages of OR traffic per hour differed greatly (hospital 1 M = 3.00, hospital 2 M = 5.23). Overall, there was a positive linear relation between the amount of OR traffic and the duration of a surgery. Two-way traffic was related to less overall OR traffic. Visible signs about the OR traffic policy did not seem effective in reducing OR traffic. Based on the results of this study, practical recommendations to improve OR traffic policy were proposed. Also, we advised on improving OR traffic registration and efficient behavior of OR personnel to reduce OR traffic.Show less
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. The first line treatment for PTSD is prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. Inhibitory learning theory proposes...Show morePosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. The first line treatment for PTSD is prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. Inhibitory learning theory proposes threat expectancy violation as a strategy to enhance effectiveness of PE. No standardized instrument for the assessment of threat expectancies is currently available. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of the TREE, a novel instrument to assess threat expectancies. The reliability and factor structure of the TREE were assessed in a non-clinical sample of 158 trauma-exposed individuals. The TREE showed excellent reliability and was found to consist of four subscales: 1. Fear of dying/losing control, 2. Externalizing symptoms, 3. Negative evaluation, 4. Internalizing symptoms. The reliability of all subscales was good with an internal consistency ranging from .75 to .85. The TREE allows clinicians to tailor exposure sessions to the individual threat appraisal profile of their patients. Furthermore, by making threat expectancies explicit, it can aid in further understanding the mechanisms underlying PE. The factor structure of the TREE should be confirmed and its generalizability to the non-clinical and clinical population should be corroborated in future research.Show less
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to employees' individual actions and behaviors outside their formal job description, which are not formally requested or directly rewarded but can...Show moreOrganizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to employees' individual actions and behaviors outside their formal job description, which are not formally requested or directly rewarded but can be beneficial to themselves and the greater organizational functioning and efficiency. Due to technological developments, organizations and their employees are increasingly participating on social media, where employees can express their support for their organization. This online behavior can be viewed as online ambassadorship behavior (OA). The current study (N = 196) uses a survey to investigate the differences in employees' general engagement, perception, and the motives to engage in online ambassadorship in comparison to two affiliative OCB's, namely civic virtue (CV) and organizational loyalty (OL). As expected, engagement in OA was lower than in CV and OL and perceived as socially riskier and more visible. Unexpectedly, there were no significant relationships between self-enhancement and organizational identification regarding OA engagement, which indicated that self-enhancement and organizational identification are not motives for employee’s engagement. In sum, this study provided evidence that employees’ perceived perception influences engagement in OA.Show less
The literature suggests a possible link between self-esteem and the affective component of eye contact. We drew on these findings to examine whether this link is also present with a subcomponent of...Show moreThe literature suggests a possible link between self-esteem and the affective component of eye contact. We drew on these findings to examine whether this link is also present with a subcomponent of self-esteem, namely parental self-efficacy. Parental self-efficacy has a mutual influence on parental care, and, along with eye contact, they are critical to the formation of a healthy parent-child relationship, which in turn fosters favorable child development outcomes. However, not much is known about how parental self-efficacy and parental care impact (the experience of) eye contact between a parent and their child. The present study (n = 62) investigated the association between parental care as perceived by the child, parental selfefficacy, and the affective response of parents to eye contact with their own child. Parents engaged in an fMRI task where they were shown pre-recorded movies of target people gazing directly at them. Targets were either the participant’s own child or an unfamiliar child. The objective was to explore whether parental self-efficacy impacts how parents feel after direct eye contact with their child and if parental care influenced this relationship. Our findings did not support these expectations. The study provides further grounds for the link between parental selfefficacy and parental care. Additional implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.Show less
Fatigue is commonly seen in a large range of neuropsychological disorders and is a problematic symptom when conducting music therapy. Fatigue slows down the treatment and limits treatment options....Show moreFatigue is commonly seen in a large range of neuropsychological disorders and is a problematic symptom when conducting music therapy. Fatigue slows down the treatment and limits treatment options. One common theory about the occurrence of fatigue is that knowledge about stimuli affects how much fatigue these stimuli induce. The basis for this theory is that surprising stimuli are thought to be more fatigue-inducing compared to unsurprising stimuli. To test this idea, we investigated how expertise affected the amount of induced fatigue experienced when listening to music samples that differed in tempo and complexity. It was also investigated how complexity and tempo affected the amount of induced fatigue that 72 participants experienced during a tapping task. The complexity of music was defined by the polyrhythmical structure of the used stimuli. Twenty-one samples were classified as low complexity samples and 21 samples as high complexity samples. The tempi of the used samples were used as a control variable. Three tempi were used, grouping low, medium, and high tempo, which all consisted of 14 samples. We expected that an increase in complexity would cause more induced fatigue ratings and that this effect of complexity was more apparent in the low expertise group compared to the high expertise group. We also expected that an increase in tempo would lead to an increase in induced fatigue. The main effect of complexity was studied using a Friedman Anova, (p =.401). The effect of tempo was also examined using a Friedman Anova and showed no significant effect (p =.486). In both the tempo and complexity analyses, there was no significant difference between the fatigue scores based on expertise scores. A possible explanation for this lack of effect is that expertise in music nor the complexity of a stimulus does not affect how tiring a stimulus is. Implications of this research could be that the personalization of music samples regarding their musical complexity and tempo based on someone’s musical expertise does not affect the fatigue experienced by the patients.Show less
