Aim: Considering the vital role of nurses in healthcare, especially amidst the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and an aging society, understanding the implications of workplace bullying becomes...Show moreAim: Considering the vital role of nurses in healthcare, especially amidst the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and an aging society, understanding the implications of workplace bullying becomes crucial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the cross-sectional literature on the association between workplace bullying and mental health in nurses. Methods: A systematic review of 37 relevant articles out of 8458 identified was conducted, using a random-effects model for statistical analysis, alongside assessments of moderating factors. Results: The cross-sectional data showed a positive association between workplace bullying and mental health issues (r = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.418 – 0.53, p < 0.001, k = 40), more specifically depression, anxiety, burnout, stress-related complaints, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and general mental health complaints. In this study, r represents Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 95% CI signifies the 95% confidence interval, p the significance level and k denotes the number of studies. Geographic differences in the data, (r = - 0.01, CI = -0.06 – 0.04, p = 0.61, k = 40) and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (r = 0.05, CI = -0.09 – 0.19, p = 0.51, k = 32) were not associated with an impact on the association between workplace bullying and mental health. Gender (r = -0.004, CI = -0.01 – 0, p = 0.04, k = 37) and age (r = -0.01, CI = -0.02 - -0, p = 0.03, k = 30) had a small negative moderating effect on the relation. Key conclusions: Workplace bullying significantly impacts nurses’ mental health emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and robust support systems. Promoting a healthier work environment for nurses holds the potential to enhance both their well-being and overall patient care quality.Show less
The number of people in the world that are refugees is ever increasing, and because of this the mental problems associated with refugee status is an ever increasingly important problem. This meta...Show moreThe number of people in the world that are refugees is ever increasing, and because of this the mental problems associated with refugee status is an ever increasingly important problem. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether similarity in culture between a refugee’s country of origin and country of residence could predict the treatment related progression of their symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Distance between countries was taken as a moderating variable to separate similarity of culture from other, correlated considerations, such as the duration of the journey. Through (multivariate) regression analysis it was found that when this distance was controlled for, similarity of culture was associated with improved treatment of PTSD and anxiety. This means that although on average symptoms were significantly reduced by treatment (Cohen’s d = -0.77 for PTSD, -0.68 for depression, -0.54 for anxiety), this was in large part moderated by the similarity of culture, with PTSD treatment efficacy being up to about one standard deviation greater for the most culturally similar countries than for the least. For anxiety this difference was about half a standard deviation, and although no significant results were found for depression, the data did point in the same direction. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis showed that this effect could fully be mitigated by adapting the treatment to the language and culture of the refugee. These result show that it is likely that dissimilarity of culture has a detrimental effect on treatment efficacy. They show as well the importance of adapting treatment to the language and culture of the refugee, especially when their culture is very dissimilar to that of the country of their arrival.Show less
Humans are social beings who live their daily lives through mainly social interaction and behaviours. The reinforcement learning theory states/predicts that consequences of behaviours are learned...Show moreHumans are social beings who live their daily lives through mainly social interaction and behaviours. The reinforcement learning theory states/predicts that consequences of behaviours are learned through an action-outcome association of stimuli. In order to help someone, one must understand what the context-specific action would lead to. In the current study, it was tested whether reinforcement learning is influenced by the administration of oxytocin and whether its hypothesized effect is moderated by psychopathic traits. The sample size consisted of thirty male participants, in the range of 19 and 34 years old. The participants were given a probabilistic reinforcement learning task, in form of a monetary-reward game to play for three different agents: either themselves, others, or no one. The repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time, indicating that reinforcement learning improves through repeated trials. On the other hand, the administration of oxytocin and the presence of psychopathic traits had no statistically significant effect on one’s ability to learn through reinforcement. Interactions between reinforcement learning, the agent played for, oxytocin administration, and psychopathic traits were not evident in the data. Thus the current investigation indicates the presence of psychopathic traits or the administration of oxytocin does not correlate with reinforcement learning in our sample. However, our study’s broad age range poses a limitation due to a likely variety in cognition within participants, which may be an important consideration for future researchers.Show less
In dit onderzoek is een meta-analyse uitgevoerd naar de behandeleffecten van cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprossing (EMDR) en narratieve exposure therapie ...Show moreIn dit onderzoek is een meta-analyse uitgevoerd naar de behandeleffecten van cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprossing (EMDR) en narratieve exposure therapie (NET) op vluchtelingen die gediagnosticeerd zijn met posttraumatische stressstoornis of symptomen van deze stoornis vertonen. Ook is onderzocht of er een verschil in effectiviteit van deze behandelvormen is voor kinderen en volwassen. Aangezien veel vluchtelingen van niet-westerse komaf zijn, is in dit onderzoek ook het moderatoreffect van cultuur- en taalaanpassing op de behandelvorm opgenomen. Een systematische literatuuronderzoek is uitgevoerd en hieruit zijn 34 studies geselecteerd die relevant zijn gebleken voor dit onderzoek volgens de inclusiecriteria. In het programma JASP zijn de analyses uitgevoerd. De meta-analyse heeft aangetoond dat CGT (-1.33, CI [-1.84, -0.82]), EMDR (-1.26, CI [-1.78, -0.74]) en NET –(1.12, CI [-1.56, 0.69]) significante behandeleffecten hebben. Tussen de behandelingen zijn geen significante effect verschillen te zien (p > 0.05). Hieruit kan geconcludeerd worden dat de resultaten van de hoofdeffecten van de behandelingen gelijkwaardig zijn aan elkaar. Dit ondersteunt het dodo bird verdict die stelt dat er geen verschillen waarneembaar zijn tussen psychotherapieën. Verschillen in behandeleffectiviteit bij kinderen en volwassen zijn niet aangetoond door gebrek aan significantie (d = 0.109, p = 0.78). Het toevoegen van de variabele taal- en cultuuradaptatie bleek geen significant effect aan te tonen (d = -0.031, p = 0.926).Show less
