A Gaze into the Past explores the evolution of Laura Mulvey's influential theory of the male gaze from its cinematic origins to its expansion into broader societal contexts, offering fresh...Show moreA Gaze into the Past explores the evolution of Laura Mulvey's influential theory of the male gaze from its cinematic origins to its expansion into broader societal contexts, offering fresh perspectives on gender, sexuality, and societal hierarchies. Marlieke van der Veer researches through two case studies of collections of erotic art in Pompeii, namely the Lupanar and the House of Vettii, the application of the gaze theory to Roman society, focusing on the second half of the first century CE. The analysis reveals that the dominant Roman gaze was aiming at the masculinity a Roman man was expected to embody, instead of gender itself. Therefore, the Roman male gaze was specified as the masculine gaze. This gaze revolved for a large part around the active versus passive roles in sexual intercourse. The study also explored a female gaze, presenting the idealized image of the "femina bona" in contrast to the antagonist, the prostitute, with women finding subtle ways of resistance. Additionally, she introduces the intersectional gaze, inspired by Kimberlé Crenshaw's modern intersectionality framework, demonstrating how intersecting features of gender, sexuality, age, and class shaped one's position in the In-group or Out-group and highlighting moments of power for marginalized groups. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of how the gaze theory can be applied beyond its cinematic origins, shedding light on the complexities of societal dynamics in Roman Antiquity and potentially other historical periods.Show less
In this study, the question is addressed regarding how Jewish identity took shape in the fourth century AD. This is accomplished through a comprehensive analysis of the interplay among diverse...Show moreIn this study, the question is addressed regarding how Jewish identity took shape in the fourth century AD. This is accomplished through a comprehensive analysis of the interplay among diverse groups within the Roman Empire: the Jewish factions themselves, the Christian factions, and the imperial power centre.Show less
In order to better grasp the influence of Roman infrastructure on adjacent urban areas, some 25 cities near the ancient Via Egnatia in Greece have been studied to compare their political, economic...Show moreIn order to better grasp the influence of Roman infrastructure on adjacent urban areas, some 25 cities near the ancient Via Egnatia in Greece have been studied to compare their political, economic and social status before and after the construction of this Roman highway. With this comparison, the impact a Roman road could have had on cities and their development can be mapped more precisely.Show less
This thesis focusses on the impact of restless souls on the Roman societal equilibrium. It looks into the relation that these percieved restless souls had to the social, ritual and juridical order...Show moreThis thesis focusses on the impact of restless souls on the Roman societal equilibrium. It looks into the relation that these percieved restless souls had to the social, ritual and juridical order and transgressions. This is done within the framework of death, funerals and ghost stories.Show less
Roman urbanism and spectacles have been important themes within scholarship on ancient history for decades. Traditionally, research has been focused on Rome, but in recent years research into the...Show moreRoman urbanism and spectacles have been important themes within scholarship on ancient history for decades. Traditionally, research has been focused on Rome, but in recent years research into the rest of the Roman Empire has become more prominent. One central issue within modern historiography has to do with the supposed uniformity of urbanism and spectacle in the Roman world. Were these parts of ancient life similar throughout the empire, or is diversity the norm? This thesis contributes to the historiographical debate in two ways. First, it will investigate urbanism and spectacles in three Roman provinces instead of in Rome. Second, this thesis will focus on venationes, or animal hunts, because this spectacle type has not gotten much attention in existing scholarship on spectacles. By comparing different Roman provinces to one another, it will become clear that while some consistencies can be found in the urbanism, spectacle culture and venationes, they underwent profound changes due to the specific provincial contexts in which they manifested themselves. This adaptation resulted in significant urban and cultural diversity within the Roman world.Show less
An in-depth look at political alliances in the late Republic, using Lucius Sergius Catilina as a case study. This thesis rejects the idea of a two-party system or division between so-called...Show moreAn in-depth look at political alliances in the late Republic, using Lucius Sergius Catilina as a case study. This thesis rejects the idea of a two-party system or division between so-called populares and optimates, and rather argues for a system of dynamic and fluid alliances.Show less
Since July 2021 the Lower Germanic Limes has become UNESCO world heritage, this not only led to more public attention to the north-western part of the Roman Empire but also to more scholarly...Show moreSince July 2021 the Lower Germanic Limes has become UNESCO world heritage, this not only led to more public attention to the north-western part of the Roman Empire but also to more scholarly attention. However, most of the scholarly research on the Roman limes in the Netherlands has been done by archaeologists causing historians to be barely involved in the debate. This thesis therefore aims to contribute to the recent developments and tries to re-examine the Roman past closer to home from a historian’s point of view, to see what the events, processes, causes and reasons were that led up to the creation of the Lower German Limes which eventually also resulted in the consolidation and official incorporation of the region into the province Germania Inferior, by not only looking at the political and military events but also the economic and social aspects.Show less
A multidisciplinary( History/ philosophy/ cognitive psychology/ linguïstics) enquiry into the role of the ninth century Saxon Gospel Harmony, the Heliand. For thesis, I constructed an interpretive...Show moreA multidisciplinary( History/ philosophy/ cognitive psychology/ linguïstics) enquiry into the role of the ninth century Saxon Gospel Harmony, the Heliand. For thesis, I constructed an interpretive model based on three elements. These elements were: 1 the Interpretation of the Heliand by G.R.R Murphy, 2 Certain theories from H. Versnel's book: Coping with the Gods. Wayward Readings in Greek Theology and 3 elements from the Cognitive Science of Religion(CSR). This model was combined with the historical context of the Heliand and the Saxon Wars, as well as the cultural, religious and mythological world of the continental Saxons. With these elements, the Heliand was analyzed in order to find out how this Gospel Harmony might have worked in aiding the conversion process of the Saxon Lay Elite, after their forced conversion by Charlemagne a generation earlier. By looking at the allusions in the Heliand to the Saxons their old religion, society, or cultural values with the help of the interpretive model, I tried to find out the Heliand its working for the said conversion process of the Saxons.Show less
The central question in this thesis is what the role of Christianity was in the transition from the Roman into the Merovingian period in Cologne and Maastricht. The hypothesis is that the...Show moreThe central question in this thesis is what the role of Christianity was in the transition from the Roman into the Merovingian period in Cologne and Maastricht. The hypothesis is that the Merovingian elite used Christianity as a way to legitimize their power. In a city as Cologne there is much more evidence available, but even in the small castellum Maastricht, there is evidence to support this theory. Christianity played a significant role in the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in both Maastricht and Cologne. Christianity became a significant sign of continuity.Show less
