The past historiography on the Boxer Rebellion was often characterized by an Orientalist perspective. Contemporary literature strives to surpass this approach, however, treating Westerners and...Show moreThe past historiography on the Boxer Rebellion was often characterized by an Orientalist perspective. Contemporary literature strives to surpass this approach, however, treating Westerners and Orientals as two different “beings” and using two measures in the analysis, reiterates the same paradigm. Focusing on Jane Elliot’s revisionist approach, this work shows the post-Orientalism stemmed from the necessity of surpassing the classic Orientalism, more subtle and devious. By comparing the Chinese and the European vision of the other, Occidentalism and Orientalism in both writings and pictorial sources (such as Boxer postcards and nianhua), a more clear and more precise vision of the events is drawn. Thus, this thesis expands the current literature on the Boxer Rebellion and displays the necessity of considering both parts in order to have a complete picture.Show less
Stillbirth and the way that parents express their grief are still sensitive topics in the twenty-first century. This thesis ties in with the debate on whether or not parents grieved their stillborn...Show moreStillbirth and the way that parents express their grief are still sensitive topics in the twenty-first century. This thesis ties in with the debate on whether or not parents grieved their stillborn children, as it was long believed that parents were ‘indifferent’ to the deaths of infants and baby’s due to high mortality rates in the nineteenth century (and earlier centuries). By examining Dutch death notices and family announcements placed in newspapers between 1870 and 1990, this thesis expands the existing historiographic debate and shows that parents did in fact grieve their stillborn children in the late nineteenth century and twentieth century.Show less
The discourse surrounding sex work in Amsterdam has evolved, reflecting shifting approaches by municipal authorities and stakeholders. Currently, a proposal for an "erotic center" seeks to relocate...Show moreThe discourse surrounding sex work in Amsterdam has evolved, reflecting shifting approaches by municipal authorities and stakeholders. Currently, a proposal for an "erotic center" seeks to relocate sex work from the Wallen district to address issues of over-tourism and congestion. However, this proposition has ignited controversy, as sex workers voice concerns about safety, social networks, and potential workspace loss. Researchers and activists advocate for recognizing sex work as tangible heritage to preserve its history and narratives. Despite initiatives of activists and advocates to document and safeguard the sector's history through the website www.sekswerkerfgoed.nl and the Prostitution Information Center, academic exploration of sex workers' experiences and sex work heritage in the Netherlands remains limited. Narratives from sex workers of color, migrant sex workers, and marginalized voices are often overlooked. Media portrayals often perpetuate stigmatization and negative stereotypes about sex work. The life stories of Nicolina Sant and Aaïcha Bergamin, two sex workers from the 20th century, offer valuable insights into Dutch sex work. Their narratives encompass diverse perspectives, encompassing ethnic backgrounds, cultural nuances, gender, and sexuality. Incorporating these stories enriches historical research on sex work, fostering a deeper comprehension of the industry and its intersections with urban life. Using the concept of urban citizenship, which emphasizes self-identity and recognition, challenges conventional notions tied to nationhood. Sex workers' claims to citizenship impact urban planning and city politics, influencing the socio-spatial fabric of the city, and reorienting research on sex workers to focus on agency rather than victimhood. Analyzing the stories of Aaïcha and Nicolina through this lens reflects on the idea of sex work as heritage while supplying an intersectional perspective to sex work history in the Netherlands.Show less
Dit onderzoek legt zich toe op het analyseren en verklaren van de invloed van maatschappelijke organisaties in de discussie omtrent de toelating van repatrianten en spijtoptanten uit Indonesië in...Show moreDit onderzoek legt zich toe op het analyseren en verklaren van de invloed van maatschappelijke organisaties in de discussie omtrent de toelating van repatrianten en spijtoptanten uit Indonesië in Nederland. Door te kijken naar een grote hoeveelheid archiefmateriaal (vergadernotulen, briefpost, nota's, moties, periodieke uitgaves) van een viertal zeer diverse organisaties kan bepaald worden welke tactieken een significante rol speelden in het uitoefenen van invloed op de Nederlandse overheid. Deze scriptie bouwt daarmee voort op Vosters' onderzoek naar de invloed van NGO's. Dit onderzoek toont aan dat in eerste instantie organisaties met een directe lijn tot de overheid meer invloed konden uitoefenen dan organisaties die een outsider status hadden en zich in een formeel isolement bevonden. Deze insider organisaties beriepen zich hierbij vaak op hun expertise over het onderwerp en hun logistieke autoriteit, waardoor de overheid taken naar hen overhevelde en er een wederzijdse afhankelijke relatie ontstond. Outsider organisaties konden echter extremere eisen stellen, waarbij ze ook meer gegenderde emotionele en morele claims maakten. Hoewel de overheid hier niet responsief voor was, namen de insider organisaties deze eisen en tactieken over tijd over, waardoor outsider organisaties indirect toch nog hun invloed deden gelden. Dit problematiseert de strikte scheidslijn tussen insider en outsider en laat zien dat organisaties met extremere eisen zonder formele toegang tot de overheid toch zeer invloedrijk kunnen zijn.Show less
In dit onderzoek is de vraag gesteld: Hoe is in de jaren zestig en zeventig het verpleegsterstekort opgelost en waarom hebben bepaalde oplossingen meer prioriteit gekregen boven andere? In dit...Show moreIn dit onderzoek is de vraag gesteld: Hoe is in de jaren zestig en zeventig het verpleegsterstekort opgelost en waarom hebben bepaalde oplossingen meer prioriteit gekregen boven andere? In dit onderzoek zijn verschillende instroom-vergrotende en uitstroom-verminderende maatregelen onderzocht en zijn de kortetermijn- en langetermijnmaatregelen geanalyseerd. De focus hierbij ligt vooral op maatregelen vanuit zorginstellingen en overheidsinstanties, waaronder het ministerie van Volksgezondheid.Show less
This thesis centres on the Annotatiën op de Surinaamsche Beschrijvinge van Ao. 1718 (Annotations of the Description of Suriname Ao. 1718), a redrafted monograph written between 1765-1772 by Jan...Show moreThis thesis centres on the Annotatiën op de Surinaamsche Beschrijvinge van Ao. 1718 (Annotations of the Description of Suriname Ao. 1718), a redrafted monograph written between 1765-1772 by Jan Nepveu, governor-general of the Dutch slave colony of Suriname between (acting) 1756-57 and 1768-79. Interrogating the epistemic foundations of the Eurocentric colonial metaphysical categories of the human and animal, the study combines techniques from historical discourse analysis with theory from Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World, a work that challenges the human/animal binary by reframing the black(ened) human as an entangled and integral component of modern (human) being. As examples illustrative of Dutch racism past and present, Nepveu’s representations of whiteness, blackness and animality – types of being demonstrated to be constitutive of the Enlightenment liberal universal concept of humanity – are situated in the larger context of (European-led) transatlantic slavery, conquest and colonialism. Arguing against the dominant scholarly trend that frames antiblack ideology in terms of acceptance/exclusion from the category of the human and the legal, political and social rights it entails, the category of the universal liberal human itself and the historical context from which it emerged is shown to have established and sustained race and the intertwined abjectification of the non-human.Show less
In the former Dutch East Indies, a large group of mixed-race Indo-Dutch people resided through years of mixed-race relations between European men and Indonesian women. In the colony, they had a...Show moreIn the former Dutch East Indies, a large group of mixed-race Indo-Dutch people resided through years of mixed-race relations between European men and Indonesian women. In the colony, they had a distinct place in society, although the community was widely diverse in economic and social status as well as the way in which they ethnically defined themselves. After the Second World War and subsequent Indonesian independence, many Indo-Dutch people relocated to the Netherlands and, to a lesser extent, other countries. In this postcolonial society, Indo-Dutch people were forced to renegotiate their social identity. This happened not only in correspondence with their receiving societies but also within the context of the diaspora and Indo-Dutch community life. It is precisely the implications of the latter that this thesis aims to explore through an intersectional lens, focusing mainly on notions of gender, race, and class. It draws on interviews with eleven Indo-Dutch people, as well as newspaper articles from the magazine Tong Tong and other primary source materials. It was found that there is a wide array of self-identifications and perceived identities of Indo-Dutch people, further enhanced by the in-group power dynamics brought about by gender, class, and (perceived) racial differences. Because of this, certain individuals were not only forced to renegotiate their social identities in the context of the receiving societies but were further marginalized within the context of the diaspora. Further, it was found that it was this variety of identities as well as these (internal) power dynamics that made it difficult to create and cultivate a unified Indo-Dutch (diasporic) identity.Show less
Aan de hand van de stad Leiden als casus probeert deze thesis te beantwoorden of de reglementering van prostitutie, 1853-1904, de mobiliteit van de prostituees beïnvloed heeft. Door middel van het...Show moreAan de hand van de stad Leiden als casus probeert deze thesis te beantwoorden of de reglementering van prostitutie, 1853-1904, de mobiliteit van de prostituees beïnvloed heeft. Door middel van het bestuderen van primair bronmateriaal uit het Leids Stadsarchief is vast te stellen dat de reglementering van geringe invloed was en dat de mobiliteit van vrouwen toenam gedurende de periode.Show less
Deze scriptie analyseert partijprogramma's voor de Tweede Kamerverkiezingen tussen 1971 en 2002. Doormiddel van een frameanalyse wordt er gekeken naar hoe gastarbeiders werden besproken en welke...Show moreDeze scriptie analyseert partijprogramma's voor de Tweede Kamerverkiezingen tussen 1971 en 2002. Doormiddel van een frameanalyse wordt er gekeken naar hoe gastarbeiders werden besproken en welke aspecten van hun identiteit werd uitgelicht om hun relatie tot de Nederlandse samenleving te bepalen. Door de lange onderzoeksperiode wordt duidelijk dat hier significante veranderingen optraden.Show less