The Iranian practice of Taarof has been defined as “the active, ritualized realization of differential perceptions of superiority and inferiority in interaction” (Beeman, 1968:56-57). So far,...Show moreThe Iranian practice of Taarof has been defined as “the active, ritualized realization of differential perceptions of superiority and inferiority in interaction” (Beeman, 1968:56-57). So far, linguistic research on taarof has presented it as a homogenous cultural practice (Koutlaki, 2002; Miller et al., 2014), however, Izadi (2015) shows that the same use of taarof might be evaluated differently by different people. This suggests that the use of taarof may not be so homogenous as it has been presented before. People who over-use taarof are classified as ‘taarofi’ (Izadi, 2016:21), a term that is generally used to indicate that somebody uses taarof, but can now also be used with a negative connotation. Beeman (1986:57) mentioned how young Iranians complain about taarof, although they do not feel they can change this cultural practice, and Izadi (2016) writes that people who use taarof to a lesser extent are evaluated more positively in a professional context. Nanbakhsh (2011:187-188) demonstrated how the use of honorifics by young and middle-aged people has changed. Although he linked the use of honorifics to taarof, it is of course not possible to generalize his findings to other forms of taarof, beyond honorifics. Based on these observations, the aim is to take his research one step further, by researching the attitudes of young people (18-37 years old) towards taarof, first exploratively by means of interviews, followed by questionnaires.Show less
Een stilistisch onderzoek naar het centraal stellen van de kiezer. In dit onderzoek werden Roemer, Wilders en Buma met elkaar vergeleken op basis van het centraal stellen van de kiezer. Als corpus...Show moreEen stilistisch onderzoek naar het centraal stellen van de kiezer. In dit onderzoek werden Roemer, Wilders en Buma met elkaar vergeleken op basis van het centraal stellen van de kiezer. Als corpus werden de Algemene Politieke Beschouwingen van 2015 gebruikt. Uit de resultaten bleek dat Roemer de kiezer meer centraal stelde dan Wilders en Buma. Dit kwam overeen met betrekking tot Buma, maar de verwachting was dat Wilders de kiezer meer centraal zou stellen dan Roemer. Deze verwachting is niet uitgekomen.Show less