This research paper evaluates the phonological properties of South African English (SAE) through the analysis of the major contact languages that have influenced it in order to establish how it...Show moreThis research paper evaluates the phonological properties of South African English (SAE) through the analysis of the major contact languages that have influenced it in order to establish how it differs from Standard British English, also known as Received Pronunciation (RP). The aspects of the language variety that are investigated include the accent and its fragmentation and dialectology across various groups. The paper will analyse several vowels and how these are articulated in SAE as well as their evolution in the main regional settings of the country. The main English dialects of the Western Cape, Kwa-Zulu Natal and Gauteng have been assessed to determine how SAE is employed in various contexts. The paper also goes into detail about the origins of the language variety and determines the structure of its vocabulary, which has undergone the most significant changes over time. This section delves into uniquely South African lexical items and words. It also looks at the topic areas where one can clearly see substratum influences or borrowing from the landscape, culinary influences, politically engineered language as well as ethnic and cultural remnants which have made their way into SAE’s idiosyncratic vocabulary. The research would not be complete without touching on the evolving linguistic attitudes towards English during an important transitional phase for the citizens of this country in which language plays a pivotal role. There is much debate at present about the role of English in the modern South Africa and the extent to which it should dictate the course of education in the country.Show less
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published in 1916. It was written “in several phases between 1903 and 1914” (Gabler 83). Eventually, in 1907,...Show moreA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man was published in 1916. It was written “in several phases between 1903 and 1914” (Gabler 83). Eventually, in 1907, Joyce began to write A Portrait, in its final form. “This reached the state of intermediary manuscript during 1907 to 1911. In 1913-14, the novel was completed” (Gabler 83). The five chapters of the novel deal with different stages of Stephen’s life, in particular, the periods of infancy, boyhood, and adolescence. The subject matter of the novel is Stephen’s mental and spiritual development to the point where he becomes the artist he aspires to be. The novel is very concise and depicts the major milestones in his life, people and events, that marked him and formed him as a person, and as an artist. The novel is considered as one of the most representative samples of modernist literature, because of its narrative technique. In A Portrait, Joyce abandons the style of narration which he had used in Stephen Hero, and instead he employs the so called ‘stream of consciousness’ and ‘free indirect discourse’. ‘Stream of consciousness’ is a narrative technique that attempts “to convey all the contents of a character’s mind—memory , sense perceptions, feelings, intuitions, thoughts—in relation to the stream of experience as it passes by, often at random” (Gray 274).Show less
