Deze scriptie onderzoekt de motivatie van orangistische burgers om zich politiek in te zetten in de jaren 1787 en 1788. Er wordt betoogd dat rond de omwenteling van september 1787 in de gehele...Show moreDeze scriptie onderzoekt de motivatie van orangistische burgers om zich politiek in te zetten in de jaren 1787 en 1788. Er wordt betoogd dat rond de omwenteling van september 1787 in de gehele Republiek orangistische burgers de politiek al dan niet met geweld probeerden te beïnvloeden, en dat zij daartoe werden gemotiveerd door de overtuiging dat de welvaart en vrijheid van de Republiek alleen kon worden hersteld als de stadhouder zonder tegenstand zijn taak als beschermer van de Nederlandse vrijheid kon uitvoeren. In Holland verzetten orangistische burgers zich in aanloop naar de omwenteling tegen de overwegend patriotse stedelijke regeringen en vrijkorpsen, daarbij geleid door Oranjegezinde regenten als W.G.F. Bentinck van Rhoon. Na de omwenteling vond een tweedeling plaats tussen orangisten die een gematigde restauratie voorstonden en orangisten die geloofden dat de Republiek alleen écht gered kon worden door alle patriotten uit het openbare leven te verwijderen. Omdat de stadhouder en de herstelde stadsregeringen de gematigde koers voorstonden, kwamen radicale orangistische burgers in verschillende steden tegenover hen te staan. Verstoken van regentensteun en in bedwang gehouden door het leger kon de orangistische burgerbeweging haar eisen echter niet afdwingen. Hoewel het protest van orangistische burgers in de loop van 1788 verstomde, beïnvloedde het de politieke besluitvorming, waardoor regeringsveranderingen en ontslaggolven vaak radicaler uitvielen dan de stadhouder zelf had gehoopt. De acties van orangistische burgers in 1788 laten eveneens zien dat zij geenszins werden aangestuurd door regenten maar juist op eigen initiatief handelden, uit overtuiging dat herstel de verwijdering van álle patriotten vereiste.Show less
In this thesis late medieval fight books (1350-1550) are placed in various martial contexts. In chapter 1 a proposal is made for defining the concept of ritual combat and this concept than is...Show moreIn this thesis late medieval fight books (1350-1550) are placed in various martial contexts. In chapter 1 a proposal is made for defining the concept of ritual combat and this concept than is applied to the late medieval period. Three types of ritual combat could be recognised: judicial combat, courtly combat and commoners combat. In chapter 2 a methodology is proposed for both for analysing and reconstructing the combat techniques described fight books, including filming the reconstructions, and a methodology for placing these techniques in the discussed ritual combat forms using ‘dimensions of meaning’. In chapter 3 both methodologies are tested on the two manuscripts of Johannes Lecküchner and demonstrate that his work was intended for the contexts of courtly combat and commoners combat.Show less
In dit eindwerkstuk worden de verschillen tussen de Staatse onderhandelingen met enerzijds het Engelse gemenebest en anderzijds het Engelse koningshuis na de Restauratie vergeleken.
This thesis investigates the political role of Protestant refugees, foreign-educated locals, and Jesuits at the Transylvanian princely court under three consecutive rulers between 1559 and 1602....Show moreThis thesis investigates the political role of Protestant refugees, foreign-educated locals, and Jesuits at the Transylvanian princely court under three consecutive rulers between 1559 and 1602. The novelty of this project is the joint analysis of the relations, conflicts, and cooperation of these foreign-influenced groups that have been analysed only separately in the existing literature. The thesis argues that Transylvania's political elite was largely permeated by the activities of individuals that represented the interests of foreign powers or introduced foreign intellectual and political trends. Thus, this research sheds new light on the complexity and connectedness of the sixteenth-century Transylvanian elite.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt gekeken naar het diplomatieke functioneren van de Staatse gezant Johan Boreel (1621-1672) aan het Engelse hof tussen 1667 en 1672. Hij wordt beoordeeld aan de hand van enkele...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt gekeken naar het diplomatieke functioneren van de Staatse gezant Johan Boreel (1621-1672) aan het Engelse hof tussen 1667 en 1672. Hij wordt beoordeeld aan de hand van enkele belangrijke eigenschappen en vaardigheden die behandeld werden in vroegmoderne handboeken over de ‘perfecte ambassadeur’.Show less
In early modern Europe, authority was often legitimated by the antiquity of an institution or practice. The past played an important part in the self-fashioning of rulers, and vice versa posed a...Show moreIn early modern Europe, authority was often legitimated by the antiquity of an institution or practice. The past played an important part in the self-fashioning of rulers, and vice versa posed a problem for people trying to change or replace ancient institutions.In this context historians have coined the term ‘memory wars’, as memories become arguments justifying present actions. While the role of memory politics, aimed at remembering as well as forgetting, has been studied in the civil wars in the Low Countries and France, this has not been done for a similar conflict in Scotland. This points to a problem in the study of memory politics in early modern Europe, which is mostly based on progressive polities as France and the Low Countries. This is problematic because modernity is a point of contention among scholars studying memory practices.To overcome a possible distortion of early modern memory practices by relying on relatively ‘modern’ polities, it is necessary to compare the practices in these polities with memory practices in an early modern polity which was less developed, such as Scotland. Are economic prosperity and state formation, or a certain level of development, prerequisites for ‘modern’ memory practices?Show less
This thesis examines the functionality of early modern Amsterdam as a diplomatic city. (Entities in) The Hague nominally held the political and geographical prerogative to diplomatic relations in...Show moreThis thesis examines the functionality of early modern Amsterdam as a diplomatic city. (Entities in) The Hague nominally held the political and geographical prerogative to diplomatic relations in the Dutch Republic, but Amsterdam was a significant challenger to this position due to its economic and financial agency. Various aspects, such as Amsterdam's interfence with diplomatic policy, its contacts with Dutch envoys abroad and the diplomatic community within Amsterdam itself, are elucidated. In particular, it explores the functionality of lesser envoys, such as consuls and agents, and the way they integrated themselves into urban society.Show less
Hoe verklaren we de opkomst van schilderijen die als onderwerp katholieke festiviteiten hebben, die zowel door de gereformeerde kerk als ook door de overheid werden verworpen, in de Nederlandse...Show moreHoe verklaren we de opkomst van schilderijen die als onderwerp katholieke festiviteiten hebben, die zowel door de gereformeerde kerk als ook door de overheid werden verworpen, in de Nederlandse schilderkunst van de zeventiende eeuw?Show less
This MA-Thesis follows the life of the Swedish diplomat in the Dutch Republic Harald Appelboom (1612-1674). An emphasis is put on the role of espionage in Appelbooms diplomatic career. The thesis...Show moreThis MA-Thesis follows the life of the Swedish diplomat in the Dutch Republic Harald Appelboom (1612-1674). An emphasis is put on the role of espionage in Appelbooms diplomatic career. The thesis argues that Appelbooms activities in intellegence were important in the development of his diplomatic career.Show less
