In dit eindwerkstuk worden de verschillen tussen de Staatse onderhandelingen met enerzijds het Engelse gemenebest en anderzijds het Engelse koningshuis na de Restauratie vergeleken.
This thesis investigates the political role of Protestant refugees, foreign-educated locals, and Jesuits at the Transylvanian princely court under three consecutive rulers between 1559 and 1602....Show moreThis thesis investigates the political role of Protestant refugees, foreign-educated locals, and Jesuits at the Transylvanian princely court under three consecutive rulers between 1559 and 1602. The novelty of this project is the joint analysis of the relations, conflicts, and cooperation of these foreign-influenced groups that have been analysed only separately in the existing literature. The thesis argues that Transylvania's political elite was largely permeated by the activities of individuals that represented the interests of foreign powers or introduced foreign intellectual and political trends. Thus, this research sheds new light on the complexity and connectedness of the sixteenth-century Transylvanian elite.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt gekeken naar het diplomatieke functioneren van de Staatse gezant Johan Boreel (1621-1672) aan het Engelse hof tussen 1667 en 1672. Hij wordt beoordeeld aan de hand van enkele...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt gekeken naar het diplomatieke functioneren van de Staatse gezant Johan Boreel (1621-1672) aan het Engelse hof tussen 1667 en 1672. Hij wordt beoordeeld aan de hand van enkele belangrijke eigenschappen en vaardigheden die behandeld werden in vroegmoderne handboeken over de ‘perfecte ambassadeur’.Show less
In early modern Europe, authority was often legitimated by the antiquity of an institution or practice. The past played an important part in the self-fashioning of rulers, and vice versa posed a...Show moreIn early modern Europe, authority was often legitimated by the antiquity of an institution or practice. The past played an important part in the self-fashioning of rulers, and vice versa posed a problem for people trying to change or replace ancient institutions.In this context historians have coined the term ‘memory wars’, as memories become arguments justifying present actions. While the role of memory politics, aimed at remembering as well as forgetting, has been studied in the civil wars in the Low Countries and France, this has not been done for a similar conflict in Scotland. This points to a problem in the study of memory politics in early modern Europe, which is mostly based on progressive polities as France and the Low Countries. This is problematic because modernity is a point of contention among scholars studying memory practices.To overcome a possible distortion of early modern memory practices by relying on relatively ‘modern’ polities, it is necessary to compare the practices in these polities with memory practices in an early modern polity which was less developed, such as Scotland. Are economic prosperity and state formation, or a certain level of development, prerequisites for ‘modern’ memory practices?Show less
This thesis examines the functionality of early modern Amsterdam as a diplomatic city. (Entities in) The Hague nominally held the political and geographical prerogative to diplomatic relations in...Show moreThis thesis examines the functionality of early modern Amsterdam as a diplomatic city. (Entities in) The Hague nominally held the political and geographical prerogative to diplomatic relations in the Dutch Republic, but Amsterdam was a significant challenger to this position due to its economic and financial agency. Various aspects, such as Amsterdam's interfence with diplomatic policy, its contacts with Dutch envoys abroad and the diplomatic community within Amsterdam itself, are elucidated. In particular, it explores the functionality of lesser envoys, such as consuls and agents, and the way they integrated themselves into urban society.Show less
Hoe verklaren we de opkomst van schilderijen die als onderwerp katholieke festiviteiten hebben, die zowel door de gereformeerde kerk als ook door de overheid werden verworpen, in de Nederlandse...Show moreHoe verklaren we de opkomst van schilderijen die als onderwerp katholieke festiviteiten hebben, die zowel door de gereformeerde kerk als ook door de overheid werden verworpen, in de Nederlandse schilderkunst van de zeventiende eeuw?Show less
This MA-Thesis follows the life of the Swedish diplomat in the Dutch Republic Harald Appelboom (1612-1674). An emphasis is put on the role of espionage in Appelbooms diplomatic career. The thesis...Show moreThis MA-Thesis follows the life of the Swedish diplomat in the Dutch Republic Harald Appelboom (1612-1674). An emphasis is put on the role of espionage in Appelbooms diplomatic career. The thesis argues that Appelbooms activities in intellegence were important in the development of his diplomatic career.Show less
This study researches the role of accountability in several late medieval middle Dutch texts. The thesis underlines the importance of cultural factors like religion and honor in the thinking about...Show moreThis study researches the role of accountability in several late medieval middle Dutch texts. The thesis underlines the importance of cultural factors like religion and honor in the thinking about accountability of medieval officials.Show less
Deze scriptie gaat over het leven van Europese soldaten in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw. Er werd in deze scriptie voornamelijk gekeken naar de mentaliteit van soldaten en welke invloed...Show moreDeze scriptie gaat over het leven van Europese soldaten in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw. Er werd in deze scriptie voornamelijk gekeken naar de mentaliteit van soldaten en welke invloed maatschappelijke ontwikkelen hierop hadden.Show less
This thesis traces the development and the adaption of the originally Catholic concept of Holy War to the post-Reformation era, and a new faith, Protestantism. For this reason one part of the main...Show moreThis thesis traces the development and the adaption of the originally Catholic concept of Holy War to the post-Reformation era, and a new faith, Protestantism. For this reason one part of the main research-question of this thesis was how the concept of Holy War emerged in the anti-Spanish polemics, and the other part deals with its socio-political functions within the English society. The conclusion of the author is that the purpose of Holy War rhetoric in the anti-Spanish polemics was a way to sacralize political rule in England and to strengthen the English national identity. To maintain Protestantism, Catholicism needed to be fought. By strengthening the national Protestant identity and sacralizing the political rule, Holy War had become a productive cultural concept that continued to be present in the English society of the late sixteenth century.Show less
De buurtverenigingen van Den Haag in de 18e eeuw veranderen anders dan buurtverenigingen in andere steden. Deze veranderingen worden bekeken aan de hand van de reglementen van de Haagse...Show moreDe buurtverenigingen van Den Haag in de 18e eeuw veranderen anders dan buurtverenigingen in andere steden. Deze veranderingen worden bekeken aan de hand van de reglementen van de Haagse buurtverenigingen.Show less
The Dutch glassmaker’s son and rector of the Latin school in Zutphen, Marcellus Franckheim (Zutphen 1587- Dunkirk 1644), converted from Calvinism to Catholicism in 1614 and became secretary to...Show moreThe Dutch glassmaker’s son and rector of the Latin school in Zutphen, Marcellus Franckheim (Zutphen 1587- Dunkirk 1644), converted from Calvinism to Catholicism in 1614 and became secretary to Cardinal Melchior Khlesl at the court of the Habsburg Emperor Matthias. He ended his life as councillor to the Spanish King Philip IV in the admiralty of the Flanders fleet. By analysing Franckheim’s surviving correspondence and publications, this thesis shows that while Franckheim’s life on first sight seems full of unexpected moves and change, there is a remarkable continuity in his faith, his contacts and his opinions. It also shows that the Dutch Gomarist-Arminian controversy during the Twelve Years Truce directly influenced his decision to convert and that a group of engaged Zutphen Catholic citizens connected him to the Counter-Reformation world of the Habsburg courts in Europe. Using Marcellus Franckheim as an exemplary case, this thesis addresses the broader question of how Dutch Catholics in the early seventeenth century, both in the Low Countries and in exile, participated in local and transnational networks to promote and consolidate their faith. It also provides insight in the interconnectedness of the political and religious conflicts in the Low Countries and the Holy Roman Empire, in particular with regard to the ways in which individuals felt involved and tried to influence these events.Show less
In deze masterscriptie wordt de conflictbeheersing tussen handelaren uit Holland, Zeeland en Pruisen in de Bourgondische Tijd bestudeerd. Gedurende deze periode bevond het Noord- en Oostzeegebied...Show moreIn deze masterscriptie wordt de conflictbeheersing tussen handelaren uit Holland, Zeeland en Pruisen in de Bourgondische Tijd bestudeerd. Gedurende deze periode bevond het Noord- en Oostzeegebied zich in een roerige periode, waarin veel kaapvaart plaatsvond. In deze scriptie wordt bekeken op welke manier handelaren met deze conflicten om gingen. Geconcludeerd kan worden dat in veel gevallen de handelaren niet tot een oplossing kwamen, doordat er vooral aan Hollandse zijde onwil was bij het oplossen van de conflicten.Show less
In deze scriptie staat de vraag centraal waarom de Staten van Holland in 1486 de Hollandse Rekenkamer betrokken bij de controle van de gewestelijke rekeningen over de Tweede Utrechtse Oorlog (1481...Show moreIn deze scriptie staat de vraag centraal waarom de Staten van Holland in 1486 de Hollandse Rekenkamer betrokken bij de controle van de gewestelijke rekeningen over de Tweede Utrechtse Oorlog (1481-1483). De rekenkamer speelde – in de persoon van rekenmeester Jacob Cruesink – in feite een bemiddelende rol binnen een aantal financiële conflicten die speelde binnen de Staten. Als “der overgeroupen van alle der voers. heeren ende gedeputeerde wegen”kon Cruesink met een objectieve controle optreden als onpartijdige scheidsrechter.Show less
Despite Hamburg's eminence as an imperial centre of commerce and diplomacy in the lead-up to the Congress of Westphalia, study of the city's own imperial politics and diplomacy has been harkened by...Show moreDespite Hamburg's eminence as an imperial centre of commerce and diplomacy in the lead-up to the Congress of Westphalia, study of the city's own imperial politics and diplomacy has been harkened by a shortage on source material. In general, historians have stressed Hamburg's tendency to fare a neutralist, autonomic and commerce-driven course. This study has set out to give a complete and positively defined interpretation of the city's diplomacy, assessing its political ambitions, diplomatic means and day-to-day manifestation at the Imperial Diet in Regensburg of 1640-1641 by way of the relatively complete correspondence between the Senate and its diplomats, as well as the financial accounts of the mission. In all, Hamburg’s access to government dignitaries and its use of the services of Imperial bureaucrats demonstrate a more versatile and active diplomatic involvement in Imperial diplomacy than perhaps envisioned earlier by scholars. Positively defined, its diplomacy operated at eye-level with that of the King of Denmark, using funds, support from the Electors and publication in a similar fashion and to a comparable degree. Hamburg’s engagement with the Empire’s dignitaries, bureaucrats, and institutions such as the Imperial Aulic Council show Hamburg’s ready use of the institutions of the Holy Roman Empire, and underline that in important respects the city was far from diplomatically isolated or disengaged with matters of Empire.Show less
This thesis reconsiders the modern debate about the Dutch Republic as a great power and the decline of that great power through new contemporary and social-constructivist perspectives, as opposed...Show moreThis thesis reconsiders the modern debate about the Dutch Republic as a great power and the decline of that great power through new contemporary and social-constructivist perspectives, as opposed to modern and objectivist perspectives. Through these new perspectives there are several propositions to narrow down the extremely broad debate about the Dutch Republic and her loss of great power status.Show less
