Leefstijlinterventies voor ouderen zijn bedoeld om ziekte, invaliditeit en afhankelijkheid bij ouderen te voorkomen. Buurtclub Leefstijl is een leefstijlinterventie in Amstelveen die ouderen in...Show moreLeefstijlinterventies voor ouderen zijn bedoeld om ziekte, invaliditeit en afhankelijkheid bij ouderen te voorkomen. Buurtclub Leefstijl is een leefstijlinterventie in Amstelveen die ouderen in groepsverband stimuleert gezond en actief te leven, uitgevoerd in de eigen wijk. Het doel van dit onderzoek was een vragenlijst op te stellen om de effecten van deze interventie op het welzijn van de deelnemers te kunnen evalueren. De evaluatie zal Buurtclub Leefstijl helpen om de interventie verder te ontwikkelen. Daarnaast was het doel om op basis van uitkomsten van de vragenlijst een vergelijking te maken tussen Buurtclub Leefstijl deelnemers en de Amstelveen populatie op het gebied van ervaren gezondheid, ervaren functioneren, kwaliteit van leven en samen bewegen. In deze pilotstudie zijn vragenlijsten afgenomen bij de Buurtclub Leefstijl deelnemers (N = 17) en een Amstelveense vergelijkingspopulatie (N = 21). Beide groepen bevatten mannen en vrouwen met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 68 jaar. De oudste deelnemer was 85 jaar en de jongste deelnemer 46 jaar. De twee groepen zijn door middel van onafhankelijke t-toetsen met elkaar vergeleken op de volgende elementen: ervaren gezondheid en functioneren, kwaliteit van leven en samen bewegen. Er is alleen een significant verschil gevonden tussen de Buurtclub Leefstijl deelnemers en de Amstelveen populatie op kwaliteit van leven en relaxen als motivatie om te bewegen. De verwachting dat Buurtclub Leefstijl deelnemers meer gemotiveerd zijn samen te bewegen en vaker bewegen dan de Amstelveen populatie bleek niet te worden gesteund door de uitkomsten. Ondanks de kleine groepsgrootte van dit onderzoek, wordt de vragenlijst geschikt geacht als instrument om Buurtclub Leefstijl te helpen met hun evaluatie. Vervolgmetingen zullen mogelijk inzicht kunnen geven in effecten van de interventie op de lange termijn.Show less
Placebos are a substance that do not have the qualities to create an effect on its own. Placebo effects are a well-known phenomenon in science and healthcare. However the positive effects of...Show morePlacebos are a substance that do not have the qualities to create an effect on its own. Placebo effects are a well-known phenomenon in science and healthcare. However the positive effects of placebo are not that well applied in healthcare. A reason for this may be that placebos are seen as a deception of a patient. When placebo is used to replace the actual medicine, then the acceptance to use this is very low with healthcare professionals (HP). However if the placebo is not a replacement but an addition to a working medicine the acceptability of HP’s is higher. The studies about the placebouse that have been done before are mostly focused on one type of placebo-use and do not make comparisons between different types of placebo-use. Another problem in placebo research is that the research of the placebo-effects are focused on one specialization, such as Cardiology. In this research the acceptability of eight types of placebo use within a specialization will be compared with each other, with the following research question: “To what extent does the acceptability of healthcare professionals for eight different types of placebo-use differ within their specializations in medical pediatrics?” The specializations in this research are, General pediatrics (HP’s work in a general healthcare department, or in four or more specializations), Cardiology and Neonatology. There are three RMA’s executed for answering this question. The results show that treatment-strengthening placebo music scores the highest acceptability, within all three specializations. Between the specializations there is no significant difference on acceptability (p = 0.984). This research has shown that HP’s have a high acceptability towards treatment-strengthening placebo-use.Show less
Placebos are a substance that do not have the qualities to create an effect on its own. Placebo effects are a well-known phenomenon in science and healthcare. However the positive effects of...Show morePlacebos are a substance that do not have the qualities to create an effect on its own. Placebo effects are a well-known phenomenon in science and healthcare. However the positive effects of placebo are not that well applied in healthcare. A reason for this may be that placebos are seen as a deception of a patient. When placebo is used to replace the actual medicine, then the acceptance to use this is very low with healthcare professionals (HP). However if the placebo is not a replacement but an addition to a working medicine the acceptability of HP’s is higher. The studies about the placebouse that have been done before are mostly focused on one type of placebo-use and do not make comparisons between different types of placebo-use. Another problem in placebo research is that the research of the placebo-effects are focused on one specialization, such as Cardiology. In this research the acceptability of eight types of placebo use within a specialization will be compared with each other, with the following research question: “To what extent does the acceptability of healthcare professionals for eight different types of placebo-use differ within their specializations in medical pediatrics?” The specializations in this research are, General pediatrics (HP’s work in a general healthcare department, or in four or more specializations), Cardiology and Neonatology. There are three RMA’s executed for answering this question. The results show that treatment-strengthening placebo music scores the highest acceptability, within all three specializations. Between the specializations there is no significant difference on acceptability (p = 0.984). This research has shown that HP’s have a high acceptability towards treatment-strengthening placebo-use.Show less
Background: Interventions for increasing physical activity (PA) are using various forms of encouragement. Those means of motivation include financial incentives (FIs) in the form of rewards...Show moreBackground: Interventions for increasing physical activity (PA) are using various forms of encouragement. Those means of motivation include financial incentives (FIs) in the form of rewards allocated or a previously transferred deposit being earned back as well as feedback framing to either highlight gains or losses. Furthermore, factors influencing PA are increasingly examined, with one being self-efficacy (SE) which represents confidence in one’s own capability. Current study: An experimental study was conducted aiming at increasing the participants’ daily step count to investigate the effect of framing and FIs as well as SE on PA increase. Methods: A 2x2 design with a reward gain, reward loss, deposit gain and deposit loss as well as a control condition was used. A sample of mostly young students living in the Netherlands (N = 91) was divided randomly across those five groups. The participants used an app for 20 days which provided them daily feedback matching their condition on their step count in comparison to their goal. Results: A two-way ANOVA displayed no effect of FIs (p = .16), framing (, p = .10), or the interaction thereof (p = .69). Furthermore, SE did not predict the days of goal achievement (p = .80). Discussion: No effect of FIs or framing on PA was found. SE did not influence the performance within the intervention. Caution is advised when interpreting the results due to unmet assumptions. Further research to clarify the discrepancies and investigate underlying mechanisms of PA increasing interventions is necessary.Show less
