This thesis investigates how article 7 of the Malta Convention is implemented in the Netherlands. Article 7 deals with the enabling of the study of and dissemination of archaeological information....Show moreThis thesis investigates how article 7 of the Malta Convention is implemented in the Netherlands. Article 7 deals with the enabling of the study of and dissemination of archaeological information. This is achieved by requiring the writing of a summary record after an excavation and a national overview of all archaeological data. First, it focusses at how this is realised in the Netherlands through legislation and policy. All Dutch summary records and other archaeological data are stored at the DANS institute. By looking at the way in which this repository is set up, it can be stated that DANS stores data in a sustainable way. Next it analyses the archaeological use and user data of DANS. This is achieved by inspecting the user account data on research interest and the amount that belongs to the archaeological professional’s group. This group consists of ca. 3000 registered users. Further it investigates the use of DANS by looking at the downloading of archaeological datasets and files. It will evaluate the depositing of datasets within the archaeology discipline. In the use and user-analysis the focus is placed on the years 2017 and 2018. From this analysis it becomes clear that DANS is frequently used to gather archaeological data. This reuse of data can mainly be ascribed to professional archaeologists. This indicates that the archaeological data is being reused in further research. The deposition data reveals that the depositing of data is done by only a small part of the archaeological user community. Subsequently a chapter is committed to a short overview of other European countries, with a focus on comparing the situation in England to that of the Netherlands. For while the system of both countries seems similar, with features such as commercial archaeology, a trusted repository and long archaeological tradition, there are still significant differences between both heritage management systems. Further, there is a chapter dedicated to international collaboration on making archaeological data available internationally. Malta article 8 treats the promoting and sharing of archaeological information nationally and internationally. One step taken towards this goal is the ARIADNE project, a European Union funded project in which several partners created a data infrastructure that could search international archaeological archives. The steps to attain this search portal are described, with observations on how ARIADNE needs to be improved for it to become a true asset. The work on the portal is continued in the next phase ARIADNEplus. 88 In conclusion the study finds that the connotations of article 7 have been deeply embedded in archaeology practiced in the Netherlands. This has been a cooperation of state legislation, spatial planning policy, quality guidelines and storage protocols that have been drafted through an active dialogue between archaeologists and government. This has resulted in making the archives part of the knowledge cycle, by actively incorporating old data into new research.Show less
The goal of this thesis is to understand more clearly the interpretations of the Confederate Battle Flag and statues, and how an analysis of the interpretations of the symbols featured in this case...Show moreThe goal of this thesis is to understand more clearly the interpretations of the Confederate Battle Flag and statues, and how an analysis of the interpretations of the symbols featured in this case benefits understanding heritage constructions, negotiations, and dissonance. The finding of the different interpretations of the Confederate Battle Flag and statues was done through the analysis of media bias, historical research, and literature. These interpretations are then compared to similar case studies and theoretical heritage research to find out how these interpretations came to be and how they can be explained. Important aspects of heritage construction are that the maker of heritage decides wat is remembered. This selective remembrance is the primary cause of the lack of negotiations between opposing sides in the case of the Confederate symbols, because there is no understanding for the basis of the arguments of the ‘other side’. The heritage dissonance of these Confederate symbols, i.e. different interpreted message of monuments by groups of people, lead to tensions because of the charged history of racial inequality and slavery in the United States, exacerbated further by a lack of understanding that has trouble being resolved.Show less
The concept of sustainable development has already been embraced more than three decades ago since the publication of the Brundtland Report by World Commission on Environment and Development. This...Show moreThe concept of sustainable development has already been embraced more than three decades ago since the publication of the Brundtland Report by World Commission on Environment and Development. This report stated that development is not synonymous with economic growth alone, but also includes a social and environmental aspect. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) announced the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which has the purpose to eliminate poverty, fight inequality and justice, and to combat climate change. The state members of the UN have to adopt the SDGs agenda as a framework for their political policies and national development agenda until 2030. The SDGs agenda has also affected the heritage management, because heritage with its value of identity and as a repository of cultural, historical, and social memory forms a vital aspect of the development process. Cultural heritage tourism is one of the methods that can bridge cultural heritage to development. However, in many cases the benefits of cultural heritage tourism do not directly flow to the local communities who in fact are the core element of the SDGs and heritage management. Moreover, in developing countries like Indonesia, the local communities have been excluded from the heritage development planning. Heritage practitioners seems to be not familiar with the implementation of the sustainable development concept. However, the heritage tourism at the USAT Liberty site play an important role in the lives of the local people who live nearby, they even actively participate in the management of the site. Many scholars appreciate the local people’s attempts to protect the USAT Liberty site and to help create sustainable heritage tourism. The USAT Liberty provides valuable data on how cultural heritage can be successfully sustained. Thus, by using the USAT Liberty site as case study, this thesis aims to provide suggestion how to achieve sustainable cultural heritage tourism in accordance with the SDGs principles.Show less
The Cultural Routes programme of the Council of Europe aims at increasing cultural exchange, enhancing a European identity, stimulating tourism and supporting sustainable development by promoting...Show moreThe Cultural Routes programme of the Council of Europe aims at increasing cultural exchange, enhancing a European identity, stimulating tourism and supporting sustainable development by promoting cultural heritage under one theme, thus creating transnational cultural itineraries like the Phoenicians’ Route. This requires a complex structure based on cooperation and complementation, involving multiple stakeholders and making its implementation potentially uncertain due to its intricate machinery. These are the original ideas behind the research question around which the investigation is centered: to what extent have the goals of the Phoenicians’ Route, added in 2003 to the Cultural Routes programme of the Council of Europe, been achieved in Spain? By means of a literature review and a series of interviews conducted to key participants, I have concluded that the Phoenicians’ Route in Spain is at an initial stage of implementation. This is indicated firstly by the general unawareness I have perceived, both when preparing for the interviews and through the responses, and secondly by the direct answers of the interviewees. I suggest the problem is the confederation model on which the Phoenicians’ Route is based because it prompts uncomittement, disorganisation and an unequal implementation. This could be solved by incorporating a central figure with influential competence power that could animate the operators.Show less
A values-based approach is able to indicate heritage values attributed to the cultural resource of heritage by stakeholder groups. This study examines three stakeholders of heritage who share the...Show moreA values-based approach is able to indicate heritage values attributed to the cultural resource of heritage by stakeholder groups. This study examines three stakeholders of heritage who share the characteristic of being distributors of news. State, local community and general public are examined for the meanings they attach to heritage via the news messages they publish. The case study of the research provides an interesting case when all the aforementioned stakeholder groups contributed to the spread of knowledge and information upon the excavation of the Kastas tumulus at Amphipolis in Greece. The examination of the content based on the variables of time and the values resulted in the identification of patterns. Time served as an alteration factor for the attribution of meaning at the site by the involved stakeholders. In addition, differences exist in the way the stakeholders attribute values and in the frequency of the values per stakeholder.Show less
