For millions of people in Southeast Asia, Buddhism is more than a religion in the Western sense; it is a lifestyle. Theravada Buddhism in Thailand is intimately connected to Thai governance,...Show moreFor millions of people in Southeast Asia, Buddhism is more than a religion in the Western sense; it is a lifestyle. Theravada Buddhism in Thailand is intimately connected to Thai governance, society, and culture. Since the 1980s Thai Buddhism has created links with environmentalist movements. The Buddhist Environmental movement in Thailand has two terms related to monks: firstly, Development Monks or phra nak phatthana, and secondly, Forest Monks or phra nak anuraksaa. By 1991, there were some 250-300 Development Monks, comprising an important network in village grassroots communities, especially rural communities, and premised the desire to introduce a ‘Buddhist way of sustainable development'.Show less
Labeled Language analyses the use of language in the Mencius with the goal of finding out how gender differences feature in this Confucian text. It uses an innovative (original) methodology that...Show moreLabeled Language analyses the use of language in the Mencius with the goal of finding out how gender differences feature in this Confucian text. It uses an innovative (original) methodology that fuses text (data) mining and traditional close reading analysis, building from a gap in the academic literature on the topic of language and gender in the Mencius.Show less
As a dedication to the necessary move away from cultural essentialism, this research explores one of its prominent counter-concepts, cultural hybridity, by combining the following research...Show moreAs a dedication to the necessary move away from cultural essentialism, this research explores one of its prominent counter-concepts, cultural hybridity, by combining the following research questions; What is meant by the concept of cultural hybridity? How does this concept apply to Kengo Kuma's (隈研吾) (1954-) life and his architecture? Labeling Kuma’s architecture as a continuation of an essential Japanese timeline through claims about the embeddedness of a ‘Japaneseness’, despite the relatively recent invention hereof after the Meiji revolution, could be legitimizing stereotyping of the past, and is questionable. When applying the concept of cultural hybridity one can acknowledge that the formation of Kuma’s architecture is influenced by numerous intercultural flows. It has been informed by practices and philosophies from in- and outside the Japanese island region, and is underlied by an entanglement of sub- and trans-national—as well as personal—influences.Show less
For Chinese men, finding a partner has become a precarious struggle as there are approximately 30 million more men than women of 24-40 years old in China. Existing literature provides an insight...Show moreFor Chinese men, finding a partner has become a precarious struggle as there are approximately 30 million more men than women of 24-40 years old in China. Existing literature provides an insight into how this demographic reality affects men with a low social status, but how does China's younger generation of men deal with it? This thesis builds on data derived from interviews with eight male Chinese exchange students in the Netherlands. The data shows how my interviewees are willing to step out of the traditional path towards marriage, but are being held back by the consequences of China's demographic reality. The results should be considered with the limitations of this study, but despite these limitations, my research indicates the importance of researching China’s generation of younger middle to high-class men.Show less
Representative of the new and daring generation, Matsui Fuyuko experiments with traditional Japanese art and infuses it with grotesque motifs that respond to contemporary interests and anxieties....Show moreRepresentative of the new and daring generation, Matsui Fuyuko experiments with traditional Japanese art and infuses it with grotesque motifs that respond to contemporary interests and anxieties. She discusses the delicate topics of female suffering and self-expression, which broaches unavoidably the salience of religious influence on the historical formation of gender roles in the Japanese society. In this thesis, I will analyze this subject through the dichotomy of purity versus impurity, as it is instrumental in organizing space in the lives of ordinary Japanese. In varied contexts, purity is used to contrast the sacred and the abominable, the clean and the polluted, or the male and the female body. By placing the paintings of Matsui Fuyuko in the syncretic religious context unique to Japan, it is possible to establish a connection between Buddhist meditation practices and Shinto rituals. In this sense, the aesthetic collation of the pure feminine and the shock-inducing realism of the rotting female corpse in Matsui's paintings can be seen as a form of social protest against pernicious gender biases. She challenges the traditional expectations towards women to display humility, self-restraint and to embrace their role as mothers and caretakers by instead painting them in defiant and provocative poses. The main question to be tackled in this research is how the painter modifies the concept of purity to communicate her feelings and ideas to the viewer through artistic means. I will disclose why the art of Matsui Fuyuko can be seen as an emotional purification of the artist, a meditative tool for the audience, as well as how it defies traditional views on the female body.Show less
Due to the strong influence of the Chinese Party-state on how the Second Sino-Japanese War should be remembered and explained in historiography, Sino-Japanese wartime collaboration has remained...Show moreDue to the strong influence of the Chinese Party-state on how the Second Sino-Japanese War should be remembered and explained in historiography, Sino-Japanese wartime collaboration has remained underexposed.Show less
This thesis focuses on two novels of early 2000s Beijing: "Beijing Doll" by Chun Sue and "Fucker" by Yin Lichuan. These authors are often labelled as 'beauty writers' and are therefore associated...Show moreThis thesis focuses on two novels of early 2000s Beijing: "Beijing Doll" by Chun Sue and "Fucker" by Yin Lichuan. These authors are often labelled as 'beauty writers' and are therefore associated with the a group of Shanghai-based authors. This thesis focuses on beauty and gender structures within these novels to find out if these authors are challenging the traditional patriarchal gender construction. This thesis also looks into the role of (domestic and international) publishers into the branding of these authors.Show less
The early twentieth century labour movement in colonial Java provided the stage where many battles between colonizer and colonized took place. In this thesis I argue that understanding the dynamics...Show moreThe early twentieth century labour movement in colonial Java provided the stage where many battles between colonizer and colonized took place. In this thesis I argue that understanding the dynamics of this particular part of colonial history requires an approach based on the concept of class. Using three case studies, the railway workers, the sugar workers and the pawnshop workers, I aim to show that class moved these workers to join the nascent labour movement and their organizations. My goal is to show that class is a useful concept in understanding colonial Indonesia.Show less
Food, as a basic element of people’s daily lives, is closely related to its society. In terms of Chinese food culture, many scholars have done plenty of research about various related topics. This...Show moreFood, as a basic element of people’s daily lives, is closely related to its society. In terms of Chinese food culture, many scholars have done plenty of research about various related topics. This thesis takes the example of Wei Jin Nan Bei Chao period (ca. 220 CE – 581 CE), when the Han Chinese and non-Han people cohabited in a large scale, led by continuous wars and massive migrations. With the method of literature analysis, this thesis focuses on hubing (胡饼), a kind of flatbread, yangpanchang (羊盘肠), a kind of blood sausage and the grape, as three examples non-Han-originated foods, to explore the influence of non-Han dietary practice on the Han cuisine. Further, by relating the food culture to other sociopolitical factors at the time, this thesis analyses how the development of food reflected its wider society, in terms of class and ethnicity. With such analyses and discussions, this study helps in filling the omission in studies of Chinese food history, as well as better understanding the people and society during that time.Show less
In this thesis I will analyze the representation of modernity in the commercials of Garuda Indonesia and Malaysia Airlines between 2013 and the first half of 2015. Their commercials give an exalted...Show moreIn this thesis I will analyze the representation of modernity in the commercials of Garuda Indonesia and Malaysia Airlines between 2013 and the first half of 2015. Their commercials give an exalted perspective on the nations they represent. I will focus on what Malaysian- and Indonesian modernity looks like, how these two national ‘modernities’ overlap or differ, and hopefully this can tell us something about Southeast Asian modernity in general.Show less
The development of Buddhism in modern China is really a big issue to deal with, especially for a short Master thesis. In order to narrow down my subject, I would like to focus on the posts on Sina...Show moreThe development of Buddhism in modern China is really a big issue to deal with, especially for a short Master thesis. In order to narrow down my subject, I would like to focus on the posts on Sina Weibo regarding Buddhism. Chinese Buddhism always tries to apply new media technologies to promote its teaching. For Sina Weibo is one of the most active online platform in China, taking a look at the Buddhist elements on it must be interesting. There were a lot of non-humorous Buddhist anecdotes about the Chan Master on Weibo. But from several years ago, the Buddhist jokes which share the similar structure with those anecdotes began to prevail Weibo. Although these jokes also spread on other online platforms, because of the large user base of Weibo, Sina Weibo is the biggest gathering place for these jokes, and users of Weibo continue to create new jokes about the Chan Master on it. In my thesis, I would like to find out, what the characteristics are of the Buddhist anecdotes and the Buddhist jokes posted on Weibo? How did Buddhist jokes develop over time? What are the possible reasons for the popularity of those anecdotes and the appearance of those jokes? In order to answer these questions, I first collected relevant posts about Buddhist anecdotes and jokes on Weibo and made them into a corpus for research. I have translated them into English and attached them to the end of this thesis. I then analyzed them, which led to the following chapters of my thesis. Chapter 1 is the present Introduction. Chapter 2 discusses the Buddhist anecdotes. It outlines their main characteristics and gives possible reasons for their popularity. Chapter 3 centers on the Buddhist jokes. All the jokes are divided into three categories according to the time order: “Pre-Chan Master Style” jokes, “Chan Master Style” jokes and “Post-Chan Master Style” jokes, and they are analyzed respectively by the theories of jokes and humor. In addition, a case study is done on one specific joke in order to reveal the big social context of these jokes. At last, Chapter 4 gives out a brief conclusion.Show less
