This research is aimed at characterizing the Dutch law of perjury with theories of lying as described by philosophers of language. In American law various inconsistencies of perjury cases led to...Show moreThis research is aimed at characterizing the Dutch law of perjury with theories of lying as described by philosophers of language. In American law various inconsistencies of perjury cases led to research on the topic. Those studies all have concluded that lying and perjury differ greatly in several notable areas. Often discussed is the well-known perjury case of former US President Clinton. Research states Bill Clinton obviously was not speaking the truth, but he was never impeached with perjury. Possible explanations could be a political agenda or the lack of adequate evidence. This research paper will discuss the differences between the Dutch and American legal systems, as well as offering a critical analysis of why these systems differ. The central question in this research answers in what ways the Dutch law of perjury can be characterized by the pragmatic theories of lying. Four court cases, all different in outcome, will be linguistically analysed. The linguistic analysis performed in this research is based on Grice’s maxims of Cooperation, Searle’s Speech Act theory, the provided definition of lying and the analytic tools as described by Shuy. This will provide various insights in the interpretation of the Dutch perjury law. Based on the results, this research paper concludes that lying cannot perfectly characterize the Dutch law of perjury, however, they cannot be fully separated from each other either. What this analysis clearly shows are the possibilities of a linguistic analysis when discussing perjury lawsuits. The discourse analysis can provide insights in someone’s intentions, as well as the weaknesses in someone’s statements. This paper strongly promotes the statement that using linguistic analyses is beneficial to the legal system, especially in court cases concerning crimes of language.Show less
Radical Right Populism is not limited to any specific geography but rather is something that has been on the rise all over the world. This paper is concerned with the question how radical right...Show moreRadical Right Populism is not limited to any specific geography but rather is something that has been on the rise all over the world. This paper is concerned with the question how radical right populism relates to a modern day understanding of fascism. This thesis will first answer the question of what populism is and then compare this to a theoretical approach to fascism. Because I will follow the understanding of populism as a political style a special attention will be given propaganda and how it is delivered to a given constituency. The case study used in this these is the Modi led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India. Within the context of this case I will focus on Mann Ki Baat, a monthly radio show held by the Indian Prime Minister. Throughout the text of this thesis I hope to show that radical right populism and fascism have too many similarities, in respect to its definition, theoretical approach towards these concepts and performance, to ignore. Furthermore, I will argue that the perceived direct communication that Mann Ki Baat and social media facilitate are closer to propaganda than a genuine political exchange. The research presented here is building on and adding to the growing literature on populism, social media in the political sphere and radical right politics.Show less
In light of WTO trade rules that made it impossible for the EU to uphold its trade preference system with many least developed countries, among which are several (former) colonies of EU Member...Show moreIn light of WTO trade rules that made it impossible for the EU to uphold its trade preference system with many least developed countries, among which are several (former) colonies of EU Member States, the EU developed the ‘Everything But Arms’ trade preference program, unilaterally liberalizing trade with these countries. Currently, there are two criteria to benefit from the EBA scheme. Firstly, the country must be listed as a 'Least Developed Country' by the UN Committee for Development Policy, and secondly, these preferences can be withdrawn if the respective country ceases to adhere to fundamental human rights and certain labor rights. In light of Myanmar's violence against the Rohingya people in Rakhine State described by the UN as 'a textbook definition of ethnic cleansing,' the question over what factors determine the EU’s decision to keep Myanmar in the EBA program arise. This thesis unveils processes in the Council that led to adopting this particular foreign policy decision by systematically analyzing insights from EU policy documents and by interviewing EU representatives, answering the question as to why the EU chose to keep Myanmar in the EBA program.Show less
African Americans are in a continuous struggle for equality in America. The reparations debate, in which African Americans are searching for reparations for slavery and segregation that followed,...Show moreAfrican Americans are in a continuous struggle for equality in America. The reparations debate, in which African Americans are searching for reparations for slavery and segregation that followed, may help create an equal society. In June 2019 the H.R.40 Bill was presented to Congress. This Bill advocates for a commission which will study the repercussions of slavery for African Americans and propose a suitable solution, in short the Bill is a blueprint for how to execute reparations. This thesis researched the historic reparations and the recent reparation debate. More specifically, this thesis aimed to answer the following question: “In what ways is the historical reparations debate incorporated in the current debate on reparations for African Americans searching for justice, and what does that mean for the significance of the current debate?” Based on the already existing historiography, this thesis took a qualitative research approach and draws upon primary and secondary sources to see how the historic debate has influenced the recent debate. Analysis of the primary sources showed that the historic debate is very much incorporated in the recent reparations debate. Furthermore, the reparations movement has never been stronger in its goal to create an equal society. However, the current reparations movement still left some questions unanswered such as who exactly would receive reparations, and who will pay for them.Show less
The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of code-switching (CS) at conflict sites (where the grammars of two languages have conflicting rules). We examine Determiner-Noun-Adjective...Show moreThe aim of this study is to improve our understanding of code-switching (CS) at conflict sites (where the grammars of two languages have conflicting rules). We examine Determiner-Noun-Adjective switches produced by Kaqchikel-Spanish bilinguals. Both languages differ in gender and word order: (i) Spanish has gender, Kaqchikel does not, and (ii) the adjective in Spanish is normally postnominal while in Kaqchikel it is prenominal (Bosque & Picallo, 1996; Brown, Maxwell & Little, 2006) (see examples 1 & 2, respectively). (1) Spanish: la casa roj-a def. .art fem house red-fem ‘The red house’ (2) Kaqchikel: ri käq jay def.art red house ‘The red house’ Predictions on mixed nominal constructions (NCs), based on two theoretical approaches, the Matrix Language Frame model (MLF) (Myers-Scotton, 2002) and the Minimalist Program (MP) (Chomsky, 1995, 2000) are examined. Both approaches provide contrasting predictions regarding the language of the determiner and adjective position. The MP predicts that (i) the determiner language is provided by the language with the ‘richest array of grammatical features’ (Liceras, Spradlin & Fernández Fuertes, 2005; Moro Quintanilla, 2014) and (ii) the adjective language dictates the relative order of the adjective with respect to the noun (Cantone & MacSwan, 2009). The MLF model predicts that (i) the determiner language is provided by the Matrix Language (ML) of the clause, and (ii) the ML dictates the relative order of the adjective with respect to the noun. Previous studies, both based on naturalistic and experimental data, report different outcomes when examining the prediction accuracy of the two approaches for language of the determiner and adjective position in different language pairs (e.g. Herring, Deuchar, Parafita Couto & Moro Quintanilla, 2010; Parafita Couto & Gullberg, 2017; Blokzijl, Deuchar, Parafita Couto, 2017, Fairchild & Van Hell, 2015; Parafita Couto, Deuchar & Fusser, 2015; Stadthagen-González, Parafita Couto, Parraga & Damian, 2017; Balam & Parafita Couto, 2019; Pablos, Parafita Couto, Boutonnet, De Jong, Perquin, De Haan & Schiller, 2019). In the present study, a total of 277 mixed NCs were elicited from 20 Kaqchikel-Spanish bilinguals through a Director-Matcher task (Gullberg, Indefrey & Muysken, 2009). Results show that (i) the determiner always appeared in Kaqchikel, supporting the predictions of the MLF (because the ML was always Kaqchikel) but not the MP, (ii) the adjective always occurred in postnominal position. In 164 out of 174 cases, the adjective language was Kaqchikel. This postnominal position was not predicted by any of the theoretical approaches. In monolingual Kaqchikel nominal constructions in this task, the adjective also occurred predominantly in postnominal position. Possible explanations for this can be drawn upon recent studies that report a task-effect (Bellamy, Parafita Couto & Stadthagen-González, 2018).Show less
We investigate both the electrical response of Superconducting Single Photon Detectors (SSPDs) and the critical behaviour behind the superconducting phase transition. It is found that the existence...Show moreWe investigate both the electrical response of Superconducting Single Photon Detectors (SSPDs) and the critical behaviour behind the superconducting phase transition. It is found that the existence of the intermediate state and corresponding relaxation oscillations are paramount for the self-reset of SSPDs and resulting photon detection. The superconducting transition in the discussed SSPDs is set by the thermal unbinding of vortices following the behaviour set by the BKT phase transition. However, the critical behaviour at low temperatures is set by the depairing of Cooper pairs which is the dominant process.Show less
Deze scriptie presenteert een onderzoek naar hoe studenten de geloofwaardigheid van gezondheidsnieuwsberichten beoordelen. Er is een kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd door middel van diepte...Show moreDeze scriptie presenteert een onderzoek naar hoe studenten de geloofwaardigheid van gezondheidsnieuwsberichten beoordelen. Er is een kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd door middel van diepte-interviews met twaalf rechten- en geneeskundestudenten. Dit onderzoek richt zich op de geloofwaardigheid van gezondheidsnieuwsberichten gepubliceerd door NU.nl. Er is gekozen voor NU.nl omdat het een groot aandeel heeft in het brengen van nieuws. Het is de best bezochte nieuwssite van Nederland. Het accent van dit onderzoek ligt op gezondheidsnieuwsberichten, omdat dit soort artikelen van invloed zijn op het welzijn van de mens. De beoordeelde artikelen zijn door de onderzoeker geschreven en op basis van de eerste zes interviews gemanipuleerd naar aanleiding van de theorie. Uit het onderzoek komt naar voren dat de twee gebruikte theorieën over message credibility van Metzger (2003) en Basch et al. (2017) bruikbaar zijn voor het toetsen van geloofwaardigheid. De factoren die deze onderzoekers aanhalen in hun theorieën zijn volgens de respondenten belangrijk wanneer zij berichten op geloofwaardigheid beoordelen. Daarnaast is er een volgorde van belangrijke factoren te zien, genaamd de primaire en secundaire factoren. Primaire factoren zijn factoren die de studenten eerst noemen wanneer gevraagd wordt waar zij het artikel op geloofwaardigheid beoordelen. Secundaire factoren zijn op een tweede indruk beoordeeld. Deze factoren zijn voor de studenten van belang zijn bij de beoordeling, maar kaarten dit pas aan wanneer de onderzoeker in de richting van deze factoren stuurt en doorvraagt of andere punten opvallen. Dit resultaat is opvallend, omdat het in de gebruikte theorieën over message credibility niet naar voren komt.Show less
Since the the so-called Technical Intern Training Program in Japan was first established, constant scandals of this program have been revealed by different media and governmental organizations. It...Show moreSince the the so-called Technical Intern Training Program in Japan was first established, constant scandals of this program have been revealed by different media and governmental organizations. It has been criticized not only because of the hidden purpose of recruiting cheap foreign labor, but also because of the astonishing rate of laws violated by the Japanese employers within this program. Comparing to it decades ago, people nowadays can access the internet very conveniently. Therefore, the information they have acquired about this program through internet is assumed to be more thorough than it was in the days people could only rely on papers. However, the fact is that, according to the statistics of Ministry of Justice (2018), in the past 10 years, the number of new foreign trainees has surprisingly grown 168%, from 89,033 (2007) to 274,233 (2017). Therefore, to figure out the driving forces behind those trainees and what gives them the confidence to overcome those problems revealed by scandals is my main topic in this thesis.Show less
In dit onderzoek wordt er door middel van een kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse onderzocht op welke manier de nieuwswaarden vorm krijgen in de constructieve online berichtgeving van Omroep West. Hiervoor...Show moreIn dit onderzoek wordt er door middel van een kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse onderzocht op welke manier de nieuwswaarden vorm krijgen in de constructieve online berichtgeving van Omroep West. Hiervoor zijn eenentwintig nieuwsberichten gecodeerd en geanalyseerd. Hieruit blijkt dat de journalisten van Omroep West verschillende manieren hanteren om vorm te geven aan de constructieve nieuwswaarden zoals ‘goed nieuws’, ‘publiek’ en ‘oplossingsgericht’. Zij doen dit onder andere door het toevoegen van positieve elementen door middel van additie. Het gaat dan om elementen zoals van tips en alternatieven, door het gebruik van de Hearken-methode en door te zoeken naar oplossingen bij instanties, politici en andere betrokkenen. Hieruit blijkt ook dat de journalisten een goede visie hanteren van constructieve journalistiek en hier vaak op een juiste manier naar handelen. Bovendien wijst dit onderzoek uit dat de nieuwswaardentheorie een goede basis biedt voor het analyseren van constructieve journalistiek.Show less
The Ulster Loyalist community of Northern Ireland have long regarded themselves as a people besieged by Irish Republican ideology. While lacking international support, the Loyalists have formed a...Show moreThe Ulster Loyalist community of Northern Ireland have long regarded themselves as a people besieged by Irish Republican ideology. While lacking international support, the Loyalists have formed a geographically and culturally unusual bond with the State of Israel. Loyalist support for Israel increased visibly during the 2002 Intifada and Loyalists continue to make declarations of support for Israel. Yet, the governing Likud Party in recent years has commemorated Zionist insurgents, who committed acts of terror against the British administration in the 1940s. The Israeli government’s actions have led to criticism from the Her Majesty’s British government, which the Loyalist community aims to stand alongside, to maintain the Union and prevent the triumph of Irish Republicanism. Despite British public support for Israel declining during the past few decades, Ulster Loyalist support for the Jewish State is believed to be one of the strongest in Europe.Show less
This MA thesis aims to analyze the relationship between Japan and Korea from the point of view of Cultural Heritage Studies and Art History. The case study I took into consideration is the Korean...Show moreThis MA thesis aims to analyze the relationship between Japan and Korea from the point of view of Cultural Heritage Studies and Art History. The case study I took into consideration is the Korean Goryeo Buddhist Paintings, a painting tradition which is almost disappeared by its homeland, but which conserves the majority of its last surviving examples in Japanese temples and museums. This case study has no precedents and it is an interesting tool to understand the political dynamics behind the discussion of cultural properties return in East Asia. This thesis will consider the study of the subject throughout various fields: it starts from the historical debate on the paintings, then it will move to the colonial period policies for the protection of cultural properties in Japan and Korea, to the modern legislation on the return of cultural properties, the creation of a Japanese scholarship around the Korean painting tradition and lastly, it will end with an art historical analysis of the items.Show less
The research problem of this thesis stems from the increasing trend of employing the abstract concepts of ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ in the management plans of World Heritage...Show moreThe research problem of this thesis stems from the increasing trend of employing the abstract concepts of ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ in the management plans of World Heritage Sites or archaeological cultural heritage management projects. To find out whether the use of these concept has actual implications, or they are just another “buzz word”. Therefore, the main research question of this thesis is: To what extent is a sustainable approach implemented in the management of the Bulgarian World Heritage Site – the Kazanlak Thracian tomb? To answer this question, the methodology uses three types of methods – direct observation, document analysis (World Heritage Site management plan), and semi-structured interviews with four stakeholders from both local and national level of the management system. As theoretical methodologies designed to analyse the social problem of ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ and its transmission into cultural heritage management plans is still underdeveloped. The criteria were refined based on issues raised in a review of literature on the subject and attempts to provide a practical approach that can easily move between data and theory. The aims of the thesis are threefold. The first aim is to contextualise the meaning of ‘sustainability’ and ‘sustainable development’ within the context of World Heritage Site management. The second aim is to present a working methodology for conducting sustainability analysis while using qualitative data. The third aim is to apply the research methodology to the case of the Kazanlak Thracian tomb and evaluate its limitations. The triangulation of the results from the direct qualitative analysis challenges the strong emphasis that is positioned to the tangible aspects of the Kazanlak Thracian tomb. Therefore, the final discussion argues that the top-down approach and the highly hierarchical system are blocking the implementation of a sustainable approach in the management of the Kazanlak Thracian tomb.Show less
The current thesis aims to investigate the set of factors operative in gender assignment process in Greek-Turkish nominal constructions, that is in code-switching where Greek determiners (gendered)...Show moreThe current thesis aims to investigate the set of factors operative in gender assignment process in Greek-Turkish nominal constructions, that is in code-switching where Greek determiners (gendered) and Turkish nouns (non-gendered) are combined together. MacSwan (2005) using the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995) suggests that in determiner-noun code-switches determiners can only stem from the gendered language, since it encodes the largest amount of uninterpretable features compared to the non-gendered language it interacts with, while nouns as non-function words might as well originate in the non-gendered language. Likewise, Matrix Language Frame was proposed by Myers-Scotton (1993b) in an attempt to set up a theoretical framework within which insertional CS production occurs and is framed by constraints. The latter theory posits that in bilingual speech only on language is dominant, the Matrix Language, while other-language constituents stem from the Embedded Language(s). Bilingual NP Hypothesis complementing MLF model suggests that system morphemes can only stem from the Matrix Language. As opposed to system morphemes, content morphemes may be lexical items from the Embedded Language. In either way, Matrix language accounts for the morpho-syntactic frame in bilingual speech. This results in DPs where Matrix Language, that is Greek, is responsible for determiner. Drawing on the abovementioned frameworks, a 20-person sample of Greek Turkish bilinguals were called to participate in the Director-Matcher task. Through this controlled elicitation and artificial technique Greek-Turkish bilinguals were instructed in such a way that they were prompted to use Turkish nouns within Greek phrases and sentences. Except for the Director-Matcher task, the same subjects were asked to reply to an online linguistic questionnaire where they had to answer crucial for this research questions as well as to evaluate their language skills. The results from the Director-Matcher task indicate that Greek-Turkish bilinguals in Western Thrace use neuter as default, while phonological and analogical factors play no role in gender assignment to Turkish nouns. Significantly enough, the persistent use of neuter in the data points to that, despite the perpetual affiliation of Greek and Turkish among the bilinguals in Western Thrace, they treat Turkish nouns as foreign. This study shows that this is true even for the bilingual system of individuals who are members of a community that has been bilingual for a century. Furthermore, the prevalence of neuter as default gender in Greek-Turkish nominal constructions proves the claim that the criterion determining the factors based on which grammatical gender is assigned to the nouns depends on the language pair under study. Another essential issue which drew my attention while transcribing the data I recorded is the absence of articles (definite or indefinite) in several data points (n=124). It is necessary to highlight that these occurrences do not adhere to the rules of Greek syntax and as, a result, violate the grammaticality of the Greek language system. Last but not least, this study confirms that neuter is the default gender in Greek.Show less
During the turbulent years of de-Stalinization a lot changed in the Soviet society. Tensions of the Cold War eased and the publication of contemporary foreign literature was possible again. The...Show moreDuring the turbulent years of de-Stalinization a lot changed in the Soviet society. Tensions of the Cold War eased and the publication of contemporary foreign literature was possible again. The American novel 'The Catcher in the Rye' by J.D. Salinger made quite and impression on the Soviet reader. This thesis discusses the reception of this American youth novel in Soviet Russia through letters and documents found at the Russian Archive of Literature and Art.Show less
