Waarom vroegen Iraanse vluchtelingen asiel aan in Nederland? In deze thesis is over de periode 1981-1997 in kaart gebracht welke factoren van invloed waren op de keuze voor Nederland. Veel Iraniërs...Show moreWaarom vroegen Iraanse vluchtelingen asiel aan in Nederland? In deze thesis is over de periode 1981-1997 in kaart gebracht welke factoren van invloed waren op de keuze voor Nederland. Veel Iraniërs wilden niet in Nederland asiel aanvragen maar kwamen door onvoorziene gebeurtenissen tijdens hun vlucht toch in Nederland terecht.Show less
This paper examines why and how the activities and goals of Cape Verdean ethnic organizations changed over time in Rotterdam, the Netherlands in the period of the 1990s to 2012. Furthermore, it...Show moreThis paper examines why and how the activities and goals of Cape Verdean ethnic organizations changed over time in Rotterdam, the Netherlands in the period of the 1990s to 2012. Furthermore, it explains how these changes to activities and goals were not only influenced by national or local governmental policies and practices, but also the key actors of the organizations. For this thesis, I researched: Stichting Avanço; Federation Emancipation Defence Interest Cape Verdeans (FEDIC), and Jongerenorganisatie Cabo. This research is based on interviews, reports and documentation from these three organizations as well as those from the national and local government. Decision-making was both community driven (bottom up) and government demand driven (top down). The degree to which the activities and attainment of goals of these organizations were hindered in scope and viability, were contingent on their ability to adapt to the changing governmental focus regarding ethnic minorities and related policies.Show less
The thesis analyzes the role of memories of past emigrations within the context of discourses on immigration, integration and citizenship policy-making in Spain from 1980 to 2010. It contends that...Show moreThe thesis analyzes the role of memories of past emigrations within the context of discourses on immigration, integration and citizenship policy-making in Spain from 1980 to 2010. It contends that these memories were a crucial part of the discourse of policy-makers in the process of the transition of Spain from being a country of emigration to being an immigrant-receiving society. The thesis analyzes in depth how memories are employed by different sides of the political spectrum in different manners to cater to different political aims. From this empirical analysis it seeks to draw a theoretical understanding of the role of collective memories of emigration in the context of a country's migrational transition.Show less
This research examines the migration history and social construction of ethnic identities of two generations of Surinamese-Javanese in the Netherlands from 1973 onwards. It incorporates the...Show moreThis research examines the migration history and social construction of ethnic identities of two generations of Surinamese-Javanese in the Netherlands from 1973 onwards. It incorporates the perspective that the creation of ethnic identities must be considered transformative processes of social boundaries. In this particular case, the social boundaries that are used to create a distinction between the Surinamese-Javanese community and the Dutch society as a whole, are mainly played out in the areas of citizenship, religion, and language. By having used oral history as methodology, two generations of Surinamese-Javanese, one generation born in Suriname, one in the Netherlands, have contributed to this research. Based on their accounts, ways are showed in which individuals partake in creating or challenging a collective identity. Furthermore, it reveals how the overall socio-political structures, and the colonial migration history, have been of continuous influence on the ways social boundaries are negotiated between and by both generations. In order to analyse these processes of continuous transformation and fragmentation, a historical point of view has been deemed necessary to uncover the long-term changes and continuities. In the end, this research aims to contribute to the theoretical discussion regarding ‘groupness’, the social construction of ethnicity, the power relations related to mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, and the agency of migrants. Also, by taking on a different approach, it strives to gain new insights into the migration history of the Surinamese-Javanese, and into Dutch colonial history.Show less
Een analyse naar de berichtgeving over de zwarte Amerikaanse soldaat in de jaren zestig van de 20e eeuw. De analyse heeft betrekking op de New York Times, de (New) Pittsburgh Courier, Jet Magazine...Show moreEen analyse naar de berichtgeving over de zwarte Amerikaanse soldaat in de jaren zestig van de 20e eeuw. De analyse heeft betrekking op de New York Times, de (New) Pittsburgh Courier, Jet Magazine en Negro Digest.Show less
The legal forms of migrant education (OETC and OALT) existed in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2004. Both its start and its ending have been linked to changing national models of integration. Five...Show moreThe legal forms of migrant education (OETC and OALT) existed in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2004. Both its start and its ending have been linked to changing national models of integration. Five models by Scholten are compared for the political discourse and the news discourse. These are: assimilationism, multiculturalism, differentialism, transnationalism/post-universalism and universalism. The shifts in the political discourse (differentialism-multiculturalism-universalism-assimilationism) were only to a certain extent comparable to the news discourse. Newspapers as Trouw, De Waarheid, Nederlands Dagblad, Algemeen Dagblad and De Volkskrant showed that the multicultural model of which OETC and OALT were an outcome, should have been put to doubt – and was merely symbolic. Migrant education did not lead to integration from either minorities or the majority. It still accommodated differences between groups. And although a multicultural model has a minimum amount of government interference, the government did play a central role here. Especially De Volkskrant and Trouw have seemed to be on the right end by labeling migrant education in the Netherlands as a legacy of the nation’s past of differentialist pillarization: OETC and OALT as ‘well-meant apartheid’. Notably De Waarheid influenced the political discourse by acting as a claim maker pro-migrant education.Show less
From the 1970s onwards, Britain’s weakened trade unions have attempted a rejuvenation of their orientations and strategies: chiefly in order to appeal to and represent precarity-prone workers in a...Show moreFrom the 1970s onwards, Britain’s weakened trade unions have attempted a rejuvenation of their orientations and strategies: chiefly in order to appeal to and represent precarity-prone workers in a more satisfactory manner than they had before. However, this rejuvenation process has occurred in a piecemeal and uncoordinated manner: orientations have only shifted partially, and certain rejuvenatory strategies have been far from effective. An interwoven process has occurred alongside, and helped necessitate, this attempted rejuvenation: Britain’s urban labour markets have become increasingly ‘ruralised’. That is to say, the British economy has been fundamentally restructured, and urban industrial relations in the ‘New Economy’ have come to increasingly resemble those long found in British agriculture. Britain’s Farmworkers’ Union has had to contend with ‘new economic’ institutional conditions – namely the norms of small-employee firms and interpersonal and/or triangular relations between employers and workers – for an extended period of time. It is therefore reasonable to assume that, from 1970 onwards, the Farmworker’s Union would have utilised those orientations and strategies adopted by Britain’s urban unions during their rejuvenation processes, but in a more systematic, coherent and effective manner, and from an earlier date. To interrogate this assumption I pose the following research question: in terms of form and effectiveness, how differentiated have the orientations and strategies of the Farmworkers’ Union been, with regards to precarity-prone workers, when compared to the wider Trade Union Movement, and why?Show less
The English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were...Show moreThe English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were formed and how his British contemporaries responded to these ideas. The thesis question thus is:‘what formed Galton’s ideas about eugenics, and how did his contemporaries in British society respond to his ideas?’ Influences from Galton's personal life led to his interest in eugenics. At first Galton's contemporaries did not see Galton's concept of eugenics as a practical possibility, but later in his life he did find people who continued his mission. There was also a lot of criticism of his ideas. This criticism was mainly directed at the morality of eugenics and Galton's neglect of the influence of nurture on the improvement of the human race.Show less
Following the end of the Cold War the post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe experienced numerous rapid changes. The transition concerned also the sphere of migration. This thesis...Show moreFollowing the end of the Cold War the post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe experienced numerous rapid changes. The transition concerned also the sphere of migration. This thesis focuses on trafficking in human beings and labour exploitation of migrant workers as they gradually caught public attention in the Czech Republic in late 1990s. It researches how and why did the Czech NGOs’ approach towards trafficking change between 1998 and 2012. It focuses on the problematic understanding and punishability of labour exploitation within and outside the phenomenon of trafficking. It follows the development of trafficking in the Czech Republic after the end of Cold War and shows the interaction between governmental and nongovernmental approaches towards trafficking, labour exploitation and human rights violations of migrant workers.Show less
This thesis argues about the impact of premigratory factors, as those were shaped in post civil war Greece, to the migration and integration experience of Greek 'guest' workers'to the Netherlands,...Show moreThis thesis argues about the impact of premigratory factors, as those were shaped in post civil war Greece, to the migration and integration experience of Greek 'guest' workers'to the Netherlands, in the period 1955 to 1981.Moreover, it follows the migrants' organizational trajectories making comparisons between Rotterdam and Utrecht.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
This thesis is about the Parsis, a special Indian minority group who came to India more than a millenium ago. The Parsis became very wealthy and influential under British colonial rule and acquired...Show moreThis thesis is about the Parsis, a special Indian minority group who came to India more than a millenium ago. The Parsis became very wealthy and influential under British colonial rule and acquired great esteem as a colonial elite. After decolonisation of the British Indies, this picture completely turned upside town and a lot of Parsis left India for a western country such as the UK and the US. Thus, they had to reconstruct their identity both in India and the US and the UK. This thesis examines this double identity reconstruction by means of a combination of literary analysis and discourse analysis.Show less
Binnen migratiegeschiedenis is veel aandacht voor verschillende groepen migranten maar tot op heden zijn expats als groep migranten onderbelicht gebleven. Met dit onderzoek is getracht hier...Show moreBinnen migratiegeschiedenis is veel aandacht voor verschillende groepen migranten maar tot op heden zijn expats als groep migranten onderbelicht gebleven. Met dit onderzoek is getracht hier verandering in te brengen. Binnen wetenschappelijke-, politieke- en maatschappelijke discussies over migratie en migranten, is 'integratie' een belangrijk thema, zo ook in deze scriptie. De vraag die centraal staat is: in hoeverre integreerden Shell expats en hun gezinsleden in de Indonesische samenleving tussen 1945 en 1965? Diverse factoren spelen een rol in het integratieproces van migranten, het gaat om de wisselwerking tussen migrant en samenleving. Echter, bij expats speelt ook de werkgever nog een rol. In dit onderzoek is daarom een reconstructie gemaakt van de beleidslijnen en het personeelsbeleid van Shell uit 1945-1965 en een analyse over welke effecten het Shell beleid had op het integratieproces en de daadwerkelijke integratie van het Shell gezin. Daarnaast is aandacht besteed aan de politieke-, economische- maatschappelijke- en sociale omstandigheden in Indonesië in de onderzoeksperiode waarbinnen de verhoudingen tussen Nederland en Indonesië (dekolonisatieproces) en tussen Indonesië (Nederland) en Shell worden uitgelicht en wat die verhoudingen hebben betekend voor de integratie van het Shell gezin in de Indonesische samenleving. Het leven binnen de Shell-gemeenschap op diverse (buiten)posten in Indonesië is aan de hand van zelf afgenomen interviews met Shell expats, echtgenotes en kinderen, gereconstrueerd. De mate van integratie binnen en buiten de gemeenschap is geanalyseerd en tevens vergeleken met dat van Indiëgangers en kolonialen in de drie eeuwen ervoor in de voormalige kolonie Nederlands-Indië. Ook is er aandacht besteed aan de integratie van het Shell gezin bij hun 'terugkeer' naar Nederland. Het gehele onderzoek over in hoeverre Shell expats en het gezin integreerden in de Indonesische samenleving (1945-1965) en de conclusie(s) staan in de 'full-text'. Het onderzoek is gebaseerd op een literatuurstudie, met daarbij interviews met oud-Shell expats, echtgenotes en kinderen en door hun en anderen voor dit onderzoek ter beschikking gestelde privé documenten.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
open access
German migrants have a reputation of creating a blooming associational life in their places of settlement. Therefore, a better understanding of German migrant life might be acquired if we better...Show moreGerman migrants have a reputation of creating a blooming associational life in their places of settlement. Therefore, a better understanding of German migrant life might be acquired if we better understand the associational life of these migrants. This thesis tries to provide a functionalist account of German associational life abroad based on case studies of the sailors homes and German schools in the German colonies of Antwerp and Rotterdam in the early twentieth century. Though it is often assumed that nationalist considerations and pressures from sending states are decisive in shaping the functionality of migrant organizations, I argue that the economic, moral and class related interests of the local environment provide a more elucidating picture of the functioning of the researched migrant organizations.Show less
