The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has experienced a remarkable change in its fertility rates during the last four decades. In this timeframe the government shifted the population policies from pro...Show moreThe Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has experienced a remarkable change in its fertility rates during the last four decades. In this timeframe the government shifted the population policies from pro-natalist to anti-natalist in the late 1980’s and back to pro-natalist a decade ago. The fertility rate which was approximately 6.0 in 1976 rose to 7 in 1986 and then declined rapidly to less than 2.0 in 2005. The two periods in which the IRI employed pro-natalist policy and propaganda (1979-1989 and 2012-now), received only limited analysis in the academic literature. This paper examines the visual pro-natalist propaganda of the past decade and compares it with the propaganda of the formative period of IRI, by analysing and comparing the selected case-studies from each period. Using propaganda-analysis by Jowett and O’Donnell and visual semiotics as described in The SAGE handbook of visual research methods, this paper observes to what extent there is continuity and change in the depiction of families and what this reveals about the social, economic and political situation of IRI.Show less
National identity is the one of the basic elements of a modern state because the belonging of people to the nation is based on their belonging to their identity. For every Third World country, the...Show moreNational identity is the one of the basic elements of a modern state because the belonging of people to the nation is based on their belonging to their identity. For every Third World country, the defining of national identity and the construction of national belonging is especially crucial to the social stability and the social development. Egyptians identity issue merged in 19th century, when Egyptian intellectuals were influenced by Western “nation state” thought and tried to identify the national identity of Egyptians. From the 19th century to 1967, we can find that the development process of Egyptian nationalism has a clue --- from a vague distinction of “Egyptians” and “un-Egyptians” to an attempt of construction the national history; from “the lack of nationalism” to the struggle between different kinds of nationalism to the dominant of Arabism. However, the disastrous rout of Egypt in 1967 Arab-Israeli War cut down this process and a series of political events in Sadat era was finally resulted in a new identity crisis in Egypt society. In that case, Egyptian government had no option but to re-shape the Egyptian national identity for the sake of repairing the crack of society which made by the identity crisis and maintaining its legitimacy. In Sadat era, Egyptian government amended history textbooks, constructed some new national museums and introduced some new symbols. However, The measures undertaken by the Egyptian government under Sadat did not create a new consensus over what the ‘Egyptian nation’ is. Quite on the contrary, many national identities compete with each other but none of them can be a dominant ideology.Show less
Deze paper onderzoekt de rol van Sir Edward Spears in het onafhankelijkheidsproces van Syrië en Libanon tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Spears kreeg in 1941 de missie dat de Levant...Show moreDeze paper onderzoekt de rol van Sir Edward Spears in het onafhankelijkheidsproces van Syrië en Libanon tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Spears kreeg in 1941 de missie dat de Levant onafhankelijkheid moest worden, maar dat Frankrijk een speciale positie moest krijgen in deze gebieden. De conclusie van de paper is dat Spears heeft bijgedragen aan de onafhankelijkheid van deze twee landen, maar de positie van Frankrijk niet heeft gerealiseerd en zelfs heeft tegengewerkt.Show less
Het hedendaagse Turkse zorgbeleid is vaak onderwerp van onderzoek waarbij het vakif-systeem in de discussie rondom dit beleid aangedragen wordt als factor om een bepaalde insteek vanuit de regering...Show moreHet hedendaagse Turkse zorgbeleid is vaak onderwerp van onderzoek waarbij het vakif-systeem in de discussie rondom dit beleid aangedragen wordt als factor om een bepaalde insteek vanuit de regering te legitimeren. Dit werkstuk richt zich op de minder belichte sociaal-maatschappelijke kant van het Turkse zorgbeleid, met de focus op de ouderenzorg.Show less
