This paper analyzes the impact of various policy subject on the Latin American electoral accountability. Knowing to which factors electoral accountability is prone in the reelection of Latin...Show moreThis paper analyzes the impact of various policy subject on the Latin American electoral accountability. Knowing to which factors electoral accountability is prone in the reelection of Latin American incumbents is relevant to the incumbents themselves at first. According to the democratic dividend theory, incumbents could increase their likelihood of securing its next term by providing certain policy merits to the population. Moreover, for scientific reasons, it could explain why some incumbents are reelected and others are not. Furthermore, it allows to better evaluate and analyze previous and upcoming elections in Latin America. First, a multi-level regression analysis is conducted concerning the effect of various factors on the incumbent’s reelection. Based on this research, GDP growth and corruption have significant effects on the reelection chances of incumbents. These results are applied to Brazil’s 2022 Presidential elections. The analysis is conducted with semi-structured interviews with experts in the field. This analysis highlights the importance of economic voting as well. Moreover, it mentions influential factors, such as healthcare policy, evangelic voting, and international economic influences. Altogether, this analysis emphasizes the importance of economic voting and economic electoral accountability in Latin American countries. This allows researchers to further analyze the Latin American elections through a better scope.Show less
Despite many social and political initiatives aiming to battle violence in and around stadiums, insecurity in Argentine football persists. Many scholars have assessed a distinctive set of causes of...Show moreDespite many social and political initiatives aiming to battle violence in and around stadiums, insecurity in Argentine football persists. Many scholars have assessed a distinctive set of causes of insecurity in the context of Argentine football, but few have assessed the persistent characteristic of it. Building upon a conceptual framework of political clientelism, this research aims to develop an understanding of the reproduction of insecurity in Argentine football. Through a political, economic and cultural dimension, this research concludes that political clientelist networks constitute to an intermediating factor between causes of violence and the reproduction of insecurity.Show less
This thesis examines the influence the 2016 regulation of medicinal cannabis in Colombia has had for the small and medium sized farmers. By looking at this recent change in public policy regarding...Show moreThis thesis examines the influence the 2016 regulation of medicinal cannabis in Colombia has had for the small and medium sized farmers. By looking at this recent change in public policy regarding marihuana cultivation through a socioeconomics analysis, a well-rounded situation is sketched. The thesis shows the various hurdles that still have to be taken in order for the regulation to truly benefit those who are most in need of it.Show less
Esta investigación utiliza un modelo de medición de la Capacidad de Estado alternativo a los comúnmente usados, la capacidad de hacer cumplir los marcos regulatorios. El enfoque del tema es la...Show moreEsta investigación utiliza un modelo de medición de la Capacidad de Estado alternativo a los comúnmente usados, la capacidad de hacer cumplir los marcos regulatorios. El enfoque del tema es la medición de la Capacidad de Estado de la República Dominicana, aplicando un modelo, fruto de la reelaboración del trabajo de Queiroz Cunha, Pereira y de Ávila Gomide (2017), al Sector Eléctrico del estado caribeño desde su privatización y capitalización en la década de los 1990. Según el modelo considerado, los aspectos que serán medidos son la Especialización, la Autonomía, y la Cohesión de las instituciones reguladoras del sector. La Especialización es la preparación y la capacidad de los miembros y funcionarios de las instituciones, que tienen que ser elegidos por ser competentes; la Autonomía es la posibilidad de las instituciones de tomar e implementar decisiones en su campo sin la influencia de los gobiernos o de los otros actores; y la Cohesión es la capacidad de las instituciones para evitar redundancias y contradicciones.Show less
Since 2010, Brazil has been receiving an increase in the numbers of refugees. It is presumed that the protagonist in assisting the integration of refugees are the NGOs and not the state. NGOs are...Show moreSince 2010, Brazil has been receiving an increase in the numbers of refugees. It is presumed that the protagonist in assisting the integration of refugees are the NGOs and not the state. NGOs are known for providing aid, social services and advocacy for groups and minorities that are marginalized. Currently, there are approximately 100 NGOs supporting and representing refugees in Brazil; it is the largest refugee support network in Latin America. This study seeks to answer the question with respect to which measures have NGOs adopted to assist the integration and non-discrimination of refugees in the Brazilian labor market and whether such measures reach beyond NGOs role as a support structure by replacing the role of the state and its responsibility to provide refugees of their (human) rights. To answer this research question, eight NGOs and three professionals in the area were interviewed during a field research that took place between July and November 2020. The research shows that the NGOs have taken two categories of measures as a means to address both the refugees, and the host society and private sector with the purpose of enhancing the effect and reachability of their role in the integration and non-discrimination of refugees in the Brazilian labor market. This research found that the NGOs and the public intuitions have a vast network in respect of refugees; however, it can also vary between states. It further found that there are two different opinions among the NGOs regarding their relationship with the state.Show less
This research aims to examine the impact of the abortion rights movement on Argentinian society in the feminist struggle for the legalization of abortion and the broader demand for the recognition...Show moreThis research aims to examine the impact of the abortion rights movement on Argentinian society in the feminist struggle for the legalization of abortion and the broader demand for the recognition of sexual and reproductive rights. The findings of this research are based on several semi-structured interviews with female scholars and members of women's and/or feminist organizations carried out in the period of September-October 2020. It considers the concepts of biopolitics and feminist activism to assess the strategies, objectives, obstacles, and achievements of the abortion rights movement.Show less
This study provides a critical analysis to the issue of malnutrition in Guatemala by looking at the constraints of national food security policy. Even though there are a number of programs and...Show moreThis study provides a critical analysis to the issue of malnutrition in Guatemala by looking at the constraints of national food security policy. Even though there are a number of programs and strategies designed to tackle malnutrition, it is found that they are often not implemented nor executed. This thesis suggests that this can be attributed to weak institutionalism, such as a lack of capacity, coherence and strength, present throughout multiple levels of the national food security and nutrition system (SINASAN). This research first analyses this problem from a historical perspective by examining the high levels of poverty and inequality which are deeply rooted into Guatemalan history and society. A state of food insecurity, a state in which malnutrition is more likely to emerge, is worsened when there is a lack of accessibility and availability to food resulting from income poverty and inequality. This directly implies that levels of malnutrition can only be reduced if poverty and inequality are also tackled. This complexity to the issue of malnutrition is, and will stay, an enormous obstacle for political institutions in creating sustainable and efficient food security programs and policies. Noticeably, weak institutionalism in Guatemala increases this barrier. Namely, a lack of continuity in government administrations leads to temporary and inconsistent food security strategies and excessive bureaucracy, a lack of coordination and structure withhold the proper implementation of food security projects from national level to local level. In other words, this study exposes that Guatemala finds itself in a vicious cycle which delays the reduction of malnutrition.Show less
The thesis looks at the concept of 'empowerment' as part of the development discourse and as a potential 'buzzword' that risks loosing meaning. The thesis analysis the interpretation and...Show moreThe thesis looks at the concept of 'empowerment' as part of the development discourse and as a potential 'buzzword' that risks loosing meaning. The thesis analysis the interpretation and implementation of the concept in women NGOs in Peru, making inferences about the incoherence surrounding the conceptualization and use of the notion. It furthermore provides a broad analysis about the evolution of the concept of women’s empowerment at different levels and the performative effect of the discourse as part of the North-South development cooperation in Latin America, especially in the Andes region. The author presents certainly a necessary reflection about the asymmetrical perceptions on social development.Show less
To increase the competitiveness of the Chilean food sector, the programme Transforma Alimentos (Transforma Food) was launched by the Chilean Production Development Corporation in 2015. The...Show moreTo increase the competitiveness of the Chilean food sector, the programme Transforma Alimentos (Transforma Food) was launched by the Chilean Production Development Corporation in 2015. The collaborative approach of this programme can be considered an example of a public-private partnership (PPP). PPPs in the food sector have not often been discussed in the academic literature and this paper thereby aims at expanding the PPP literature by examining Transforma Alimentos. The evaluation of Transforma Alimentos is developed following the framework by Fernández-Arias, Sabel, Stein & Trejos (2016b). Following the analysis of seven elements of successful PPPs, various improvements can be identified that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of both Transforma Alimentos specifically and future PPPs in general. Furthermore, the research identifies further PPP literature gaps that can be studied in future PPP researches.Show less
The APAC (Association for the Protection and Assistance to the Convicted) is proposed as an alternative prison model. This paper offers an analysis of the APAC method in light of restorative...Show moreThe APAC (Association for the Protection and Assistance to the Convicted) is proposed as an alternative prison model. This paper offers an analysis of the APAC method in light of restorative justice and examines the extent to which APACs offer an alternative within a context of penitentiary crisis in Brazil. Whereas restorative justice was originally introduced as an attempt to abolish the prison, in recent decades restorative justice has appeared as a guideline for prison reform. The central hypothesis of this paper claims that although APACs inflict less harm than the traditional penitentiary system, identifying them as restorative is problematic because they continue to run along punitive lines and the APAC method runs the risk of legitimizing the prison as a logical response to conflict.Show less
