Research into child maltreatment has been related to various significant repercussions such as a negative impact on quality of life. This study analyzes to what extent trauma symptoms mediate the...Show moreResearch into child maltreatment has been related to various significant repercussions such as a negative impact on quality of life. This study analyzes to what extent trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between child maltreatment and quality of life among Dutch children who have been reported to Veilig Thuis. In total, 194 children and adolescents between the ages of seven to eighteen years participated in this research through online self-report questionnaires measuring child maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The statistical analysis resulted in a positive significant relationship between child maltreatment and HRQoL. Additionally, a significant direct and indirect relationship was found and therefore trauma symptoms had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between child maltreatment and HRQoL. As this analysis did not include other key factors that could potentially further explain this relationship, it is recommended for future research to explore other possible mediation and/or moderation analyses. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize the added value of a child’s perspective and the importance of future research to tackle the issue of child maltreatment. Especially as maltreated children appear to fall victim to a system of child protection with multiple structural shortcomings.Show less
Background: previous research showed the relationship between the risk status of the mother and child aggression. Attachment has also been related to child aggression and this includes prenatal...Show moreBackground: previous research showed the relationship between the risk status of the mother and child aggression. Attachment has also been related to child aggression and this includes prenatal attachment. If prenatal attachment moderates the relationship between risk status and child aggression, an intervention could be implemented to improve the prenatal attachment in order to prevent or reduce aggression by the child. Research question: Does prenatal attachment moderate the relationship between the risk status of the mother and the aggression of 20-month-old children? Methods: Maternal risk status and prenatal attachment were assessed during pregnancy and aggression was assessed when the children were 20 months old. The mothers were divided into two groups, one group consisted of high risk mothers and the other of low risk mothers (based on criteria by the World Health Organization and a weighted count of the number of risk factors). The mothers completed the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) during the first assessment (pregnancy) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) during the 4th assessment when the children were approximately 20 months old. Analyses of variance were used to examine whether prenatal attachment moderated the association between risk status and child aggression. Results: The risk status of the mother predicted the aggression of the 20-month-old child. There also was a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and risk status. There were no significant relations between prenatal attachment and aggression. Lastly, prenatal attachment did not moderate the relation between the risk status of the mother and the aggression of the child. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the relation between the risk status of the mother and the aggression of the 20-month-old child. An intervention could be introduced when a mother is categorized as high risk. Further research is needed to see which factors could moderate the relationship between the risk status of the mother and the aggression of the child.Show less
Dit onderzoek bestaat uit een literatuuronderzoek en een kwalitatief onderzoek, gericht op het geven van een afgewogen advies met betrekking tot het dynamisch assessmentverslag binnen het...Show moreDit onderzoek bestaat uit een literatuuronderzoek en een kwalitatief onderzoek, gericht op het geven van een afgewogen advies met betrekking tot het dynamisch assessmentverslag binnen het Feuerstein Centrum Nederland. Het literatuuronderzoek had als doel om de vraag te beantwoorden welke informatie uit dynamisch assessment waardevol is voor de behandeling van cognitieve vaardigheden en leerpotentieel. Deze waardevolle elementen zijn uiteengezet en gelinkt aan de Feuerstein methode. Het kwalitatieve onderzoek was gericht op het Feuerstein Centrum Nederland en is uitgevoerd om in kaart te brengen welke informatie uit het Learning Potential Assessment Device-verslag de behandelaren van dit centrum nodig achten voor de inrichting van hun behandeling. Deze data zijn verkregen door middel van semigestructureerde interviews met vijf behandelaren van het centrum en een hieruit volgende thematische analyse. Tot slot zijn de bevindingen uit de thematische analyse gekoppeld aan de gevonden literatuur. Uit de resultaten bleek dat het LPAD-verslag de informatie bevat die de behandelaren nodig hebben voor de inrichting van hun behandeling. De conclusies, aanbevelingen en algemene gedragsobservaties uit het verslag werden voornamelijk gebruikt. Daarnaast speelde tijdsgebrek, een hoge werkdruk en de mate van kennis mee in het wel of niet lezen van het LPAD-verslag en gaven veel behandelaren aan mondelinge overdracht door de assessor een efficiënte werkwijze te vinden. Op basis van de resultaten zijn aanbevelingen opgesteld.Show less
Leisure time reading is often stimulated in primary and secondary school, because of its expected benefits in language and reading development. In this thesis, a meta-analysis was performed to...Show moreLeisure time reading is often stimulated in primary and secondary school, because of its expected benefits in language and reading development. In this thesis, a meta-analysis was performed to examine the relationship between reading behaviour and receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, combined vocabulary and reading comprehension in primary and secondary school students. A total number of 30 studies (4.769 students) were included. As expected, a medium to large effect was found for all four outcome measures. This is in line with results from previous research. Since girls happen to read more and more often than boys, it was expected that gender would be a significant predictor of the effects. This hypothesis was not confirmed in this meta-analysis. This may be explained by the fact that the reported gender percentages in the respective studies were not similar to the actual gender distribution in the final analyses. Researchers sometimes reported that participants were excluded in the analysis of our variables of interest, without stating the exact number of boys and girls. Overall, this study confirms that reading plays a positive role in acquiring vocabulary and reading comprehension.Show less
Children and adolescents with low social acceptance and low self-esteem are at a higher risk for multiple problems, including aggression, delinquency, and depression. If the underlying causes of...Show moreChildren and adolescents with low social acceptance and low self-esteem are at a higher risk for multiple problems, including aggression, delinquency, and depression. If the underlying causes of low social acceptance and low self-esteem are known, children with these problems can be helped with specific intervention programs. Executive functions, like inhibition, could be part of the possible underlying causes. The current study focuses on the relation between inhibition and self-esteem and whether either objective or subjective social acceptance influence this relation. This study will also assess whether there is a difference between objective social acceptance (OSA) and subjective social acceptance (SSA) and whether there is a relation between inhibition and either objective social acceptance or subjective social acceptance. The measures inhibition speed, inhibition accuracy, SSA, OSA and self-esteem measured for 130 children and adolescents (6 – 18 years) at risk for externalising problems were used to analyse these questions. The results showed that inhibition is not significantly related to self-esteem or SSA, but was related to lower OSA (p = .02). OSA does not moderate the relation between inhibition and self-esteem. However, SSA shows a trend of strengthening the relation between inhibition and self-esteem. Children with average SSA and better inhibition speed had lower self-esteem, similar to children with low SSA, children with worse inhibition speed had higher self- esteem, similar to children with high SSA (p = .08). For inhibition accuracy, children with a lower SSA had lower self-esteem when their inhibition was worse, while children with a high SSA had higher self-esteem when they had worse inhibition (p = .07). These results suggest that future social acceptance or self-esteem interventions should not focus on inhibition for children with externalising problems.Show less
Since 2014 more students with behaviour problems are reported in mainstream education and dealing with these students is considered more challenging. Not dealing properly with these challenges can...Show moreSince 2014 more students with behaviour problems are reported in mainstream education and dealing with these students is considered more challenging. Not dealing properly with these challenges can lead to developmental problems in children and safety problems in class. The instrument of the plan of developmental perspective (OPP) is used to determine the support they need. The way teachers experience the student-teacher relationship and their self-efficacy in the classroom can affect the development of students in different aspects, their own behaviour towards students and student behaviour. In the current study, 41 teachers were asked to fill in a plan for developmental perspective and two questionnaires for two students they consider challenging. The questionnaires concern the way the teachers experience the student-teacher relationship and their self-efficacy in the classroom. This research focuses on the relation between the experience of the student-teacher relationship and of the self-efficacy by the teacher and the way the teacher describes the student in the plan of developmental perspective, no significant results were found. Furthermore, there was no mediation effect found from the student-teacher relationship on the relation between self-efficacy and the description of the student in the plan of developmental perspective. It is recommended to do further research, with a random sample with a broader target group from different regions and different schools with children that show difficult behaviour and children that show pro-social behaviour. Furthermore, it is important to make sure teachers have similar understanding of the way they report in the plan of developmental perspective and that a better method is developed to objectivise the data coming from the plan of developmental perspective and the questionnaires.Show less
De Raad voor de Kinderbescherming is een instantie die onder andere adviseert aan de rechter of er wel of geen contact tussen ouders en kinderen in gezag- en omgangszaken moet bestaan. Tot op heden...Show moreDe Raad voor de Kinderbescherming is een instantie die onder andere adviseert aan de rechter of er wel of geen contact tussen ouders en kinderen in gezag- en omgangszaken moet bestaan. Tot op heden bestaat er geen vast afwegingsschema met factoren die in overweging genomen moeten worden in dit advies. In dit adviesrapport is door middel van kwalitatief, verkennend onderzoek gekeken naar mogelijke factoren die een rol spelen bij dit advies. Tijdens twee focusgroepen zijn verschillende factoren aan bod gekomen. Aan de focusgroepen namen zowel gedragswetenschappers als raadsonderzoekers deel. De data van de focusgroepen is getranscribeerd en vervolgens gecodeerd in het programma Atlas.ti. De verschillende factoren werden gecodeerd op basis van codes verkregen uit literatuuronderzoek en codes die in de focusgroep naar voren kwamen. Vervolgens is tijdens de data-analyse gekeken hoe vaak deze codes voorkwamen en of er uitspraken konden worden gedaan over welke factoren meer van belang waren. De mening van het kind bleek de meest voorkomende factor en is tijdens de focusgroepen 29 keer benoemd. In elke casus wordt gefocust op het kind, waarbij wordt gekeken naar in welke situatie en context het kind zich bevindt. Op basis van dit onderzoek kan gesteld worden dat de professionals van de Raad hun keuze over het adviseren van contact niet op basis van een vast afwegingsschema kunnen maken. Wat vaststaat is dat er altijd nauwlettend wordt gekeken naar wat voor het kind het beste is. Met andere woorden, het leveren van maatwerk is daarom erg belangrijk. Het betrof een kleinschalig onderzoek met een kleine steekproef. Het was hierdoor lastig om een compleet beeld te schetsen van alle factoren waar rekening mee gehouden moet worden. Wat uitsluitend kan worden vastgesteld op basis van dit adviesrapport, is dat vervolgonderzoek nodig is om het belang van verschillende factoren in kaart te brengen. Over het belang van de factoren kunnen op dit moment nog geen uitspraken worden gedaan. Op basis van een vervolgonderzoek zou eventueel een vast afwegingsschema gerealiseerd kunnen worden.Show less
The relation between self-esteem and externalizing behavior problems with aggressive behavior has been a discussion point for several years. There have been multiple studies that show a high self...Show moreThe relation between self-esteem and externalizing behavior problems with aggressive behavior has been a discussion point for several years. There have been multiple studies that show a high self-esteem relates to aggression but there are also studies that show a low selfesteem relates to aggressive behavior. This study focusses on whether high and low selfesteem can both relate to externalizing behavior problems and if this relation is different for different functions the aggressive behavior may have. The participants of this study were 6- to 12-year-old children at high risk of developing delinquent behavior (N=153) and typically developing controls (N=43). The externalizing behavior problems were measured trough the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). This is a questionnaire about the behavior of the child, filled in by the teacher. The function of the aggression behaviors was also measured by a questionnaire called, Instrument for Reactive and Proactive Agression (IRPA), filled in by the teacher. The self-esteem of the children was measured by The Dutch Self-Perception Profile for Children (CBSK). This is a self-report questionnaire. The findings of this study do not support the expectations that low and high self-esteem relate to externalizing problem behavior. This study did not find any result on the relation between self-esteem and reactive and proactive aggression. There are different explanations possible for this outcome. One of them is self-esteem and externalizing problem behavior are in full development in the ages of these children. To gain more information about why the relation between self-esteem and externalizing problem behavior seems to differ in various studies, there is a need for more extensive longitudinal research on this topic.Show less
This study provides a systematic review examining the relationship between social-emotional support of foster parents in Northwestern Europe and the decision to stop providing foster care. Eight...Show moreThis study provides a systematic review examining the relationship between social-emotional support of foster parents in Northwestern Europe and the decision to stop providing foster care. Eight studies were included from which the results together created the substantive basis for the conclusions. The main conclusion is that a lack of social-emotional support seems to have a relationship with the decision of foster parents to quit providing foster care. The studies that were included, however, were evaluated to be of sub-optimal quality as regards design and validity. Suggestions for future research are presented.Show less
The CBM maze task is used in education to indicate and monitor the progress in reading proficiency. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the CBM maze and reading...Show moreThe CBM maze task is used in education to indicate and monitor the progress in reading proficiency. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the CBM maze and reading comprehension. To examine this relationship the scores between the CBM standard maze (a maze that follows the standard rules) and the scrambled maze (a maze with distorted coherence) were compared. Furthermore, the effects of standards of coherence and genre on the difference in scores between the CBM standard maze and scrambled maze were examined. Expected was that the scores on CBM maze would reflect reading comprehension. A group of 40 Dutch bachelor-students participated in the study. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The repeated measures ANOVA consisted of two within factors (type maze: CBM standard maze vs scrambled maze and genre: expository vs narrative) and one between factor (standards of coherence: high vs low). The results show a significant difference in scores between the CBM standard maze and the scrambled maze F(1, 38) = 103,349; p = < .001, η2 = .731 with scores on the CBM standard maze being higher than the scores on the scrambled maze, suggesting that scores on the CBM standard maze reflect text-level reading comprehension. No influence of standards of coherence, F(1, 38) = ,340; p = ,563, or genre, F(1, 38) = ,340; p = ,563, was found on the difference in scores between the CBM standard maze and the scrambled maze. A limitation of this study is its limited generalizability to the target group of the CBM maze. A study in which children are participants is recommended.Show less
In deze studie is onderzocht of werkgeheugen en zelfcontrole samenhangen en of deze samenhang gemodereerd wordt door geslacht. Daarnaast is onderzocht of er sekseverschillen zijn in...Show moreIn deze studie is onderzocht of werkgeheugen en zelfcontrole samenhangen en of deze samenhang gemodereerd wordt door geslacht. Daarnaast is onderzocht of er sekseverschillen zijn in werkgeheugencapaciteit en zelfcontrole. Hiervoor is bij een groep kinderen en adolescenten van 8 t/m 16 jaar (N = 63, 33 meisjes) de subtest Cijferreeksen afgenomen en hebben de ouders de SSRS ingevuld. De analyses zijn met en zonder uitbijters gedaan. Daaruit bleek dat, zowel bij het weglaten, als het includeren van de uitbijters, werkgeheugen en zelfcontrole niet significant met elkaar samenhingen (r = .065, p = .626; F (1, 59) = .060, MSE = 11.966, p = .807; r = .188, p = .169; F(1,55) = 1.716, MSE = 9.928, p = .196). Verder was er geen significant sekseverschil in zelfcontrole (F(1,59) = .000, MSE = 11.966, p = .986; F(1,55) = .490, MSE = 9.928, p = .487), ook wanneer de uitbijters werden weggelaten. Er is wel bevestigd dat jongens en meisjes dezelfde werkgeheugencapaciteit (t (58) = 1.566, p = .123) hebben, wanneer de uitbijters werden weggelaten. Toch werd wel een verschil gevonden (t (61) = 2.385, p = .020), wanneer de uitbijters werden meegerekend. Een moderatie-effect van geslacht daarentegen is niet gevonden (F(1,59) = .016, MSE = 11.966, p = .900; F(1,55) = .630, MSE = 9.928, p = .431). Er moet rekening worden gehouden met de volgende beperkingen: een aantal assumpties is geschonden en waarschijnlijk heeft de factor leeftijd een vertekenende invloed gehad.Show less
Het verband tussen verschillende gezinsfactoren en emotieregulatie bij kinderen is vaak onderzocht. Het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren wordt echter vaak buiten beschouwing gelaten. Het doel van het...Show moreHet verband tussen verschillende gezinsfactoren en emotieregulatie bij kinderen is vaak onderzocht. Het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren wordt echter vaak buiten beschouwing gelaten. Het doel van het huidige onderzoek was om de relatie tussen het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren en emotieregulatie te onderzoeken bij kinderen van twaalf tot en met zestien jaar. Tevens is onderzocht of er sekseverschillen zijn in deze relatie en het emotieregulerend vermogen. In totaal hebben 36 (N= 36) kinderen uit West-Nederland deelgenomen aan het onderzoek. Met behulp van de Behavior Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) werd het emotieregulerend vermogen van de kinderen gemeten. Het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren werd gemeten met behulp van de Family Assessment Device (FAD). De vragenlijsten zijn door de kinderen zelf ingevuld. Uit de resultaten kwam naar voren dat er een significant, positief verband is tussen het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren en emotieregulatie. Daarnaast bleken jongens beter te zijn in het reguleren van emoties dan meisjes. Er zijn geen sekseverschillen gevonden in de relatie tussen het algemeen gezinsfunctioneren en emotieregulatie.Show less
The relationship between alexithymia and arousal and the effect of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on this relationship is examined in this research. In other research a relationship has been...Show moreThe relationship between alexithymia and arousal and the effect of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on this relationship is examined in this research. In other research a relationship has been established between ASD or alexithymia and high arousal. A prolonged increased arousal increases risk of psychosomatic problems. Therefore, research on arousal in ASD and alexithymia is relevant. In addition, studies on ASD have usually included men only, although there is evidence that women have other features of ASD. It is important to investigate this potential gender difference in the relation between ASD and arousal. In this study participated only women, 30 with ASD and 30 without ASD. Arousal was recorded by the average heartbeat per minute in two conditions: at rest and during stress. In the stress conditions participants looked at tree clips of social situations that evoke different emotions. In the resting condition participants watched a soothing movie clip. Alexithymia is measured by the BVAQ. Findings revealed that there were no significant differences in the arousal at rest or in stress between females with alexithymia or ASD and females without alexithymia or ASD. There were no significant relations between the two dimensions of alexithymia and arousal. Furthermore, ASD was not a moderator in the relation between alexithymia and arousal in either condition. As such the current research suggests that there is no higher risk of psychosomatic problems due to prolonged elevated arousal in people with ASD or alexithymia or a combination of both.Show less
Het doel van dit onderzoek was de samenhang tussen de SES van gezinnen in India en de BMI van hun kinderen te onderzoeken en te onderzoeken in hoeverre deze samenhang werd gemedieerd door de...Show moreHet doel van dit onderzoek was de samenhang tussen de SES van gezinnen in India en de BMI van hun kinderen te onderzoeken en te onderzoeken in hoeverre deze samenhang werd gemedieerd door de hoeveelheid maaltijden en reistijd van de kinderen. Daarnaast werd SES ook getoetst als moderator tussen reistijd en BMI. Er deden 284 leerlingen mee van zes verschillende scholen uit de stad Pune in India. In de hoge SES groep zaten 186 kinderen, waarvan 121 jongens en 65 meisjes. In de lage SES groep zaten 98 kinderen, waarvan 40 jongens en 58 meisjes. De gemiddelde leeftijd van de hoge SES groep was 12.27 jaar (SD =1.10) en de gemiddelde leeftijd van de lage SES groep was 12.56 jaar (SD = 1.28). Reistijd en hoeveelheid maaltijden werden gemeten door middel van interviews over de dagbesteding van de kinderen. De BMI werd berekend aan de hand van de opgemeten lengte en het gewicht. Uit de analyses is gebleken dat SES en BMI significant met elkaar samenhangen. Verder hangt SES ook significant samen met de hoeveelheid maaltijden, maar de hoeveelheid maaltijden is geen mediator. Daarnaast is gebleken dat SES en reistijd niet significant samenhangen. Wel is er sprake van een samenhang van SES en reistijd op BMI. SES is geen moderator bij de samenhang van reistijd en BMI. SES is binnen dit onderzoek de beste voorspeller voor het hebben van ondergewicht. Vervolgonderzoek zou zich kunnen richten op de hoeveelheid calorieën die de kinderen binnen krijgen en op welke manier de kinderen reizen.Show less
