The utilization of information as a weapon is not a phenomenon new to the 21st century. The intergovernmentalist nature of the European Union has been a crucial factor, fostering and constraining,...Show moreThe utilization of information as a weapon is not a phenomenon new to the 21st century. The intergovernmentalist nature of the European Union has been a crucial factor, fostering and constraining, the efforts of developing coherent and unified strategies to counter information warfare tactics. The Union has been challenged by Russia’s aggressive information warfare throughout the course of the Ukraine Crisis. The political theater has been undermined by the spread of disinformation and pro-Kremlin propaganda as a result of the conflict in Ukraine mainly aimed at weakening Western powers.Show less