Tijdens het leven van de Nederlandse danseres Mata Hari gingen er veel verhalen rond over haar afkomst. Toen Mata Hari tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in Frankrijk werd beschuldigd van spionage voor...Show moreTijdens het leven van de Nederlandse danseres Mata Hari gingen er veel verhalen rond over haar afkomst. Toen Mata Hari tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in Frankrijk werd beschuldigd van spionage voor Duitsland en vervolgens werd geliquideerd, volgden vele geruchten rond haar spionage. In deze studie wordt gekeken hoe Nederlandse en Franse kranten precies een beeld construeerden van Mata Hari in de periode tussen 1905 en 1920. Deze studie geeft inzicht in de verschillende aspecten van Mata Hari's leven die Franse en Nederlandse kranten belichtten of achterwegen lieten. Daarbij wordt een vergelijking getrokken tussen Franse en Nederlandse kranten. Daarnaast wordt duidelijk gemaakt hoe er precies mythevorming rond Mata Hari tot stand kon komen in de kranten.Show less
When we think about Vienna around 1900, our first associations with this period are fin-de-siècle and the establishment of the Art Nouveau period. Moreover, it was a time of blossoming cultural...Show moreWhen we think about Vienna around 1900, our first associations with this period are fin-de-siècle and the establishment of the Art Nouveau period. Moreover, it was a time of blossoming cultural life during the greatest period of the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The main goal of Viennese Art Nouveau was to supplant the entrenched historical styles with modern, bourgeois and Austrian style. Furthermore, the main concept of the Art Nouveau was to strive for a style unity in every possible field of art. The architecture and decorative arts of the Sezessionsstil were much appreciated by Viennese cultural circles. The Austrian cultural centre subsequently became a home to this type of art, since 1900. There emerged two primary art associations called Sezession established in 1897 by Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), and Wiener Werkstätte, begun in 1903 by Josef Hoffman (1870-1956). Klimt’s paintings are characterised by applied influences of symbolic paintings of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, elements of Egyptian paintings, Byzantine mosaics and Japanese art. The essence of those factors can be found in later Klimt paintings such as The Kiss (1907-1908). The architect Josef Hoffman on the other hand, was operating with straight lines and geometrical figures. One of the most eminent projects ascribed to Hoffman is the Sanatorium in Purkersdorf (1903-1904) and the Palais Stocklet in Brussels (1905-1911). Notably, Sezession became an opposition to academic art and 19th century eclecticism. The main objective of this style was to break with historicism and focus on nature instead. However, along with Art Nouveau, Vienna also took a traditional approach to art and collecting, understood as creating a collection based on early modern Italian and Renaissance art as well as on Dutch Golden Age paintings. International connections, such as a good flow of information on sales and the developing art trade in a specific period enabled many collectors to purchase a good number of old master paintings. Among the Viennese collectors captivated by Renaissance art, Karol Lanckoroński (1848-1933) is the eminent example of a collector, who managed to create an incredibly interesting and broad collection, as we will see in following chapters.Show less
Anna Croiset van der Kop was the first Dutch slavicist. In Russia she was a well-known and celebrated scientist. To the Dutch academic world, however, she was a relatively unknown outsider . Around...Show moreAnna Croiset van der Kop was the first Dutch slavicist. In Russia she was a well-known and celebrated scientist. To the Dutch academic world, however, she was a relatively unknown outsider . Around 1910 she tried to become the first female Dutch professor at Leiden University. She and her supporters managed to secure the endowment for the professorship, but the title was bestowed on someone else. This thesis tries to explain why Croiset van der Kop was so successfull in Russia, but failed to reach her ultimate goal in the Netherlands. This is a story about women's history in the Netherlands and Russia and about the different in- and exclusion mechanisms in the Russian and Dutch academic world.Show less
