La presente investigación analiza el impacto de la expansión, desde 1980, de la industria salmonera en la identidad chilota y el papel del Estado en dicho proceso. El archipiélago de Chiloé, un día...Show moreLa presente investigación analiza el impacto de la expansión, desde 1980, de la industria salmonera en la identidad chilota y el papel del Estado en dicho proceso. El archipiélago de Chiloé, un día una región aislada, marginada y subdesarrollada, con bajos niveles de urbanización y orientada hacia la pesca artesanal y la agricultura campesina, es hoy en día uno de los mayores productores de salmón del mundo y uno de los motores más importantes de la economía chilena. El proceso de incorporación al mundo global contemporáneo se ve fuertemente acelerado a partir de la rápida y violenta expansión de la salmonicultura en un contexto neoliberal desde los años 1980, lo que trajo consigo un proceso de modernización que ha generado importantes cambios medioambientales, socioeconómicos, territoriales y políticos. La salmonicultura no es el primer articulador de modernidad en Chiloé, sin embargo, la escala y la velocidad de su inserción en el archipiélago fueron significativamente diferentes. Ha causado un conflicto entre la cultura chilota tradicional y la modernidad. Chiloé posee una identidad única con manifestaciones materiales y espirituales distintas, debido a su aislamiento y su origen indígena. Por lo tanto, Chiloé constituye un interesante caso para analizar en qué medida la pesca industrial de gran escala ha impactado la identidad local.Show less
Este estudio se centra en dilucidar cuáles son los factores que inciden en el comportamiento electoral en la Región de La Araucanía, en Chile, a través de la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de...Show moreEste estudio se centra en dilucidar cuáles son los factores que inciden en el comportamiento electoral en la Región de La Araucanía, en Chile, a través de la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de entrevistas, en torno a un modelo de relación Estado-Sociedad basado en la etnicidad como tensión y en las estrategias de penetración de los partidos políticos, tanto formales como informales, destacando entre ellas el clientelismo, como uno de los factores de incidencia, junto a la estrategia de etnicidad, la participación electoral, el conservadurismo y la pobreza. De esta forma, la relación Estado-Sociedad que se encuentra mediada por los partidos políticos, transita a través de un continuo que es influenciado por los 5 factores hallados en el estudio.Show less
Esta investigación busca evidenciar el rol de la identidad regional como un agente articulador de la actividad política por medio del análisis del movimiento social en contra del alza del gas en la...Show moreEsta investigación busca evidenciar el rol de la identidad regional como un agente articulador de la actividad política por medio del análisis del movimiento social en contra del alza del gas en la Región de Magallanes, Chile en 2011. Por medio del estudio del carácter histórico, geográfico y social de la identidad magallánica se dilucidan elementos que llevarían a un grupo social a presentar una actitud política reaccionaria en un escenario en el que las bases culturales e identitarias se ven amenazadas, aun en un contexto de apatía política generalizada en Chile.Show less
This thesis sheds light on a largely forgotten but nonetheless important group of refugees during the Cold War. The Chilean case study represents an anomaly in the traditional Cold War narrative....Show moreThis thesis sheds light on a largely forgotten but nonetheless important group of refugees during the Cold War. The Chilean case study represents an anomaly in the traditional Cold War narrative. Instead of escaping the presumed evil of communism the Chileans fled from an undemocratic right-wing military regime ultimately becoming the first major non-European refugees to apply for asylum in Western Europe after the Second World War. The Netherlands accepted around 1502 Chilean refugees whereas Ireland only admitted 107 Chilean refugees. Both countries had different approaches towards the reception of these refugees. This raises the following question: Why was the reception of Chilean refugees in the Netherlands so vastly different from the reception in Ireland, 1973-1990? This study adopts Karen Jacobsen’s analytical framework that identifies four key categories of factors that influence refugee policies. However, some adaptations were made in order to fit the individual context of both countries: 1) legal bureaucratic response; 2) national security considerations; 3) the treatment of refugees; 4) civil society; 5) and integration. These factors are discussed and analysed per case and its findings are based on primary sources of the National Archive of Ireland in Dublin, the National Archive of the Netherlands in the Hague, and the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.Show less
To increase the competitiveness of the Chilean food sector, the programme Transforma Alimentos (Transforma Food) was launched by the Chilean Production Development Corporation in 2015. The...Show moreTo increase the competitiveness of the Chilean food sector, the programme Transforma Alimentos (Transforma Food) was launched by the Chilean Production Development Corporation in 2015. The collaborative approach of this programme can be considered an example of a public-private partnership (PPP). PPPs in the food sector have not often been discussed in the academic literature and this paper thereby aims at expanding the PPP literature by examining Transforma Alimentos. The evaluation of Transforma Alimentos is developed following the framework by Fernández-Arias, Sabel, Stein & Trejos (2016b). Following the analysis of seven elements of successful PPPs, various improvements can be identified that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of both Transforma Alimentos specifically and future PPPs in general. Furthermore, the research identifies further PPP literature gaps that can be studied in future PPP researches.Show less
This thesis is focussing on the experiences and memories of the Chilean exiles created by the Pinochet regime and how they are represented in the memory culture and national story of Pinochet’s...Show moreThis thesis is focussing on the experiences and memories of the Chilean exiles created by the Pinochet regime and how they are represented in the memory culture and national story of Pinochet’s Chile from 1989 till 2017.Show less
During the 20th century many Latin American countries successfully fulfilled the transition to democracy process. Both Chile and Argentina democratised during the 20th century. However, the...Show moreDuring the 20th century many Latin American countries successfully fulfilled the transition to democracy process. Both Chile and Argentina democratised during the 20th century. However, the democracies that developed after the process differed. In Chile, Pinochet executed a lot of control over the transition to democracy, whereas in Argentina, Videla only slightly influenced the transition to democracy. In both countries a successful democracy was established with a different basis. Thus, the role of the dictator during the transition to democracy process is not clear-cut, and the development of democracy depends on many different factors, which are not always controllable.Show less
Throughout the 20th century the region of Latin America has been widely influenced by external actors such as the United States or international organizations, like the IMF or the World Bank. The...Show moreThroughout the 20th century the region of Latin America has been widely influenced by external actors such as the United States or international organizations, like the IMF or the World Bank. The influences of those actors gave rise to “dependency theory”, which highlights the inequalities between more powerful actors of the so-called “center” of the world and those of the “periphery”. As a response, Latin American countries have engaged in different attempts to decrease the influence of those external actors, while increasing their own. In the early 2000s, due to changes in its foreign policy, the focus of the United States on Latin America has decreased. The risen gap has allowed the recently grown superpower China to focus on the region. Consequently, the East-Asian country has become the first or second biggest trade partner for states like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico or Venezuela. Next to the risen trade other bilateral relations, such as investments, combined attempts of development and political relations, have increased. While there are several apparent benefits for both sides, criticism has been voiced regarding a new version of dependency on China replacing that towards the United States. However, such criticism has mainly focused on assessing the international relations between China as a state and Latin America as an entire region. Therefore, by addressing the rising dependency, this paper will show that, in regard to Sino-Latin American relations, the region of Latin America cannot be analyzed as a whole but has to be divided into its nation states. By comparing the two case studies Chile and Venezuela and their respective relations with China the varying levels of dependency between China and different Latin American states will be portrayed.Show less
This research analyzes the combat against the issue of violence against women in Chile. On the one hand it examines to what extent Michelle Bachelet has been able to play an active role in...Show moreThis research analyzes the combat against the issue of violence against women in Chile. On the one hand it examines to what extent Michelle Bachelet has been able to play an active role in combating gender violence during her two presidencies. On the other hand the success of the mobilized civil society will be examined to evaluate its influential role. Finally, throughout the essay there is a special focus on the relation between the civil society and the state, and if they have been able to cooperate and advance the combat against gender violence in Chile.Show less
Since the creation of the European monetary union, countries across the globe have been wondering whether or not they too should form a monetary union. This thesis will examine to what extent it is...Show moreSince the creation of the European monetary union, countries across the globe have been wondering whether or not they too should form a monetary union. This thesis will examine to what extent it is a good idea for four Latin American countries to form a monetary union. The countries in question are Colombia, Chile, Peru and Brazil. These countries have been chosen because similar to the EMU, they share similar characteristics that are essential for the formation of a monetary union. This thesis will look a key questions regarding whether or not these countries should do it, if it’s optimal and if they can form an optimal currency area. To answer these questions, this thesis will look at macroeconomic variables including inflation and government debt. The combination of academic sources and hard economic data will ensure that the question can be answered in a clear and consistent manner. At the end of this thesis there will be a general conclusion whether or not these countries should form a monetary union and if this can become optimal.Show less
This thesis studies in depth a public policy in Chile called Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación Atmosférica para la Región Metropolitana (Prevention and Atmospheric Decontamination Plan for the...Show moreThis thesis studies in depth a public policy in Chile called Plan de Prevención y Descontaminación Atmosférica para la Región Metropolitana (Prevention and Atmospheric Decontamination Plan for the Metropolitan Region). The main objective of this study was to analyze which were the different communication and participation approaches between the Chilean Ministry of Environment and the different participating actors in the design, implementation and evaluation of this public policy. The conclusion of this study was that there is a disorganization between the Chilean State and the Chilean Ministry of Environment as well as within the ministry itself regarding this policy. Consequently, this generates a lack of coordination, leadership and resources that generates a less efficient and effective policy. This thesis also studies the presence of Embedded Autonomy, NIMBY and the Issue-Attention Cycle.Show less
Este trabajo trata la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en Chile. El énfasis se pone a los cambios en la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en el período...Show moreEste trabajo trata la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en Chile. El énfasis se pone a los cambios en la participación política de las mujeres a nivel nacional en el período 2000 - 2010 con el enfoque en el liderazgo político y en la agenda de género del gobierno de Michelle Bachelet. También este trabajo estudia la evolución de la participación de las mujeres como candidatas en las elecciones parlamentarias en dicho período. Para el análisis de esta temática se utilizan varias teorías de autores como Fernández Poncela, Franceschet, Fernández Ramil, Ríos y Reyes Housholder que describen ante todo la oportunidad política de las mujeres, el liderazgo femenino y la participación sustantiva y descriptiva de las mujeres que son claves para este trabajo. La mayoría de los datos fueron recogidos durante el trabajo de campo que complementa la literatura sobre esta temática. Las entrevistas con varios expertos tratan los temas de machismo, percepción de las mujeres de parte de la sociedad, el comportamiento de los partidos políticos hacia las mujeres, las razones de mayor participación de las mujeres y la figura de Michelle Bachelet y su impacto en la política chilena. El análisis intenta a responder la pregunta si el liderazgo de Michelle Bachelet ha aumentado la participación política de las mujeres y la política de la primera presidenta de Chile ha generado un aumento de las mujeres en la política nacional. El análisis muestra que el impacto de Michelle Bachelet no fue tan alto como se tenía esperado. El trabajo señala que la figura de Bachelet tiene un valor simbólico porque logró visibilizar la agenda de género y la necesidad de la equidad de género en Chile. También es posible resumir que el ámbito político chileno sigue siendo muy machista y muy complejo para que haya una mayor inserción de las mujeres a cargos políticos. Bachelet es una excepción que logró un éxito, pero en el campo de las políticas pro-mujer no siempre fue exitosa. Durante su segundo gobierno logró que se aprobara la ley de cuota de género que finalmente terminó con la baja participación política de las mujeres, pero todavía es necesario promover más las políticas públicas dirigidas a las mujeres y desarrollar la política de género como muestra este trabajo.Show less
In 1989, after 17 years of state terrorism and authoritarianism, Chile transitioned back to democracy. Since then, many scholars have studied and attempted to delegitimize Pinochet’s dictatorship...Show moreIn 1989, after 17 years of state terrorism and authoritarianism, Chile transitioned back to democracy. Since then, many scholars have studied and attempted to delegitimize Pinochet’s dictatorship by focusing on its excessive violence. Not only have they furthered the quasi-axiomatic incompatibility between legitimacy and violence, these scholars have also participated in the creation of an immense literature on Pinochet’s violent practices. Yet, in contrast, the literature explaining the longevity of the regime is disproportionately small. In light of this imbalance, this paper examines how violence allowed this authoritarian regime to be one of the longest and latest dictatorships in Latin America. The nature of violence must be reconsidered in an effort to uncover hidden perpetrators who contributed to the dictatorship’s longevity. To do so, Pinochet’s regime is analysed through a Weberian lens. That is, Weber’s three sources of leadership legitimacy: charisma, traditions and legality. This paper exposes the theoretical weaknesses of the conceptualization of legitimacy and of violence. As long as a theoretical shortcoming of these concepts exists, difficulties to evaluate, judge and react appropriately to authoritarianism in practice will persist. This will, in turn, come with additional pernicious effects such as political and social polarization in post-authoritarian societies.Show less
In this thesis an examination of feminist abortion campaigns in Chile is given, with a specific focus on the portrayal of women in the campaigns constructed by different feminist organisations. By...Show moreIn this thesis an examination of feminist abortion campaigns in Chile is given, with a specific focus on the portrayal of women in the campaigns constructed by different feminist organisations. By looking at various specific aspects of campaign videos, conclusions are made whether the organisations try to conform to the traditional idea of women in Chile, or whether they try to confront this.Show less
The Mapuche are the largest indigenous community in Chile and they speak their own language, Mapudungun. Unfortunately, over the course of history, the Mapuche have experienced many hardships,...Show moreThe Mapuche are the largest indigenous community in Chile and they speak their own language, Mapudungun. Unfortunately, over the course of history, the Mapuche have experienced many hardships, especially in relation to the Chilean state. One of these hardships is the gradual loss of their language in favour of Spanish. This development can be seen through the fact that younger generations stop to speak the language and that Spanish is taking over the traditional use of Mapudungun in family affairs and ceremonial situations. Therefore, and in order to compensate for the historical debt that the Chilean state has with the Mapuche, the government implemented a Bilingual Intercultural Education Programme in 1996. Additionally, this is a good example of a method of revitalisation, which could help reverse the existing language shift. However, the programme in its current state has a lot of deficiencies, making it unsuccessful in achieving its objective. Consequently, this thesis will argue for the improvement of the programme, in order to increase its contribution in revitalising Mapudungun and to prevent the possible extinction of the language. The previous is important in the scope of the demands for rights of self-determination for which the Mapuche have struggled throughout history.Show less
Penicillin discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming was the start of a revolution in the medical world, allowing scientists to develop antibiotics and doctors to cure bacterial diseases. Today,...Show morePenicillin discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming was the start of a revolution in the medical world, allowing scientists to develop antibiotics and doctors to cure bacterial diseases. Today, only 89 years after its discovery, we are encountering that due to human behavior this therapeutic drug is becoming less effective. Bacteria have mutated and created resistance. The loss of effectiveness of bacteria is denominated in medical papers as Antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a development which concerns the global population and is most difficult to stop in countries ruled based on a neoliberal paradigm and without means to enact on governmental regulations. Chile is a good example of such a country.Show less
