Sport is never just a game. In an imperial context, it connotes a host of ideals and values directly linked to foreign political authority. In treaty port Shanghai, competition between the city’s...Show moreSport is never just a game. In an imperial context, it connotes a host of ideals and values directly linked to foreign political authority. In treaty port Shanghai, competition between the city’s many national communities was similarly conceived of as a tool to strengthen foreign power. The practice of protest at international sports events by Shanghai’s Chinese population subverted these attempts and enabled protestors to undermine foreign legitimacy. This thesis applies the lens of political culture to examine how meaning was attached to protest at international sporting events and analyse how this was received by Shanghai’s foreign community. Sport has frequently been overlooked in the wider historiography of protest. However, an investigation of the practice of sports protest is highly relevant for providing valuable insights into the nature of social relations. While historians have generally assumed that Shanghai’s foreign society was insular, studying protest shows not only that there was significant contact, but that this was exploited for political aims. Sport provided a unique avenue for protest by encapsulating foreign rituals of rule, which could be spontaneously usurped to mount a symbolic challenge. Comparison with formal colonial contexts illustrates that sport as a channel for protest was shaped by Shanghai’s semi-colonial arrangement, illuminating the broader complexities and vulnerabilities of semi-colonial control.Show less
A (Dutch written) thesis about collaboration on the Chinese side on the eve of and during the second Sino-Japanese war (1937-1945). This thesis follows the reasoning of two key collaborators. Aisin...Show moreA (Dutch written) thesis about collaboration on the Chinese side on the eve of and during the second Sino-Japanese war (1937-1945). This thesis follows the reasoning of two key collaborators. Aisin-Gioro Puyi, the last emperor of China when in 1912 the empire was overthrown for a republic, became the face of the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo in 1932. Wang Jingwei, a former renowned Nationalist, took lead in the area around Nanjing in 1940. In this thesis are discussed the key reasons and motivations that made the two collaborate with expansionist Japan.Show less
