For over a century aerial photography has been used in archaeology to detect traces of the past in the landscape. With the emergence of citizen science projects and vast amounts of remotely sensed...Show moreFor over a century aerial photography has been used in archaeology to detect traces of the past in the landscape. With the emergence of citizen science projects and vast amounts of remotely sensed data, Leiden University has developed a successful citizen science project in the Veluwe and Utrechtse Heuvelrug called ‘Heritage Quest’. Because of its success in both identifying hitherto unknown archaeological heritage and in engaging participants with their local heritage, other actors such as the province of Zeeland have shown interest in adapting the Heritage Quest formula or developing their own citizen science project. However, due to the different nature of the Holocene, agricultural landscape of Zeeland compared to the Pleistocene, forested landscape of the Veluwe and Utrechtse Heuvelrug and differences in the archaeological heritage which can be found in both regions, a different approach to citizen science than the approach of the original Heritage Quest was needed. This thesis research focusses on the possibilities of a ‘Heritage Quest’ type citizen science project for the province of Zeeland. Instead of using LiDAR data, which is useful in mapping archaeological objects through the canopy of trees and bushes, orthomosaic satellite imagery disclosed through PDOK has been used to assess the potential viability of a citizen science project in Zeeland. Because of the agricultural nature of most of the province, satellite imagery could potentially be a powerful tool in identifying archaeological heritage. The imagery used in this research was remotely sensed during the summer months of 2016 up to 2022 and has a ground resolution of 25 centimeters. For the year 2021 satellite imagery was only available from the spring months, with a ground resolution of 8 centimeters. For the year 2022 both the summer imagery with a ground resolution of 25 centimeters and spring imagery with a ground resolution of 8 centimeters was used. To assess the viability of using satellite imagery, three different object classes have been chosen to explore further, resulting in a total of 24 different archaeological features which can be seen in the imagery and have been described in this research. Furthermore, to assess which aspects of the original Heritage Quest project could be adapted or needed to be changed, the original Heritage Quest project and three other international citizen science projects have been described after which they were critically reviewed in the discussion chapter. This thesis research has resulted in the discovery of multiple hitherto-unknown archaeological features, including potential Zeeuwse mounds, dykes, fortifications from the Dutch revolt and traces of the former cultural landscape of Zeeland. Using satellite imagery to identify archaeological heritage in the Province of Zeeland by means of a citizen science project can not only provide a lot of new archaeological data, but also increase historical awareness and create a sense of stewardship in its participants. This would not only lead to the identification of more archaeological sites, but also further protection efforts of archaeological heritage in Zeeland. Although there will be some 73 differences from the original Heritage Quest project, a very similar citizen science project for the province of Zeeland which would include some prior training could yield valuable results.Show less
Erfgoed is van ons allemaal. Burgerwetenschap geeft burgers de kans om actief deel uit de maken van onderzoek naar hun erfgoed. Erfgoed Gezocht is in 2019 het grootste burgerwetenschapsproject in...Show moreErfgoed is van ons allemaal. Burgerwetenschap geeft burgers de kans om actief deel uit de maken van onderzoek naar hun erfgoed. Erfgoed Gezocht is in 2019 het grootste burgerwetenschapsproject in de Nederlandse archeologie begonnen. Met als resultaat de ontdekking van honderden grafheuvels en tientallen hectares aan raatakker, maar ook de medewerking van 6500 vrijwilligers. Deze vrijwilligers hebben online en in het veld meegezocht naar nieuwe archeologische monumenten, hierbij hebben ze bijgedragen aan archeologisch onderzoek, het creëren van draagvlak en het delen en opdoen van (lokale) kennis. In huidige archeologische publieksparticipatieprojecten is de rol van burgers vaak nog te passief en zijn beperkte plaatsen en hoge kosten gekoppeld aan deelname. Burgerwetenschap kan dit omzetten naar een laagdrempelige manier om een breed scala aan mensen actief deel te laten nemen aan archeologisch onderzoek en erfgoedbeheer. Op basis van kwalitatief onderzoek is onderzocht hoe burgerwetenschap archeologisch onderzoek en erfgoedbeheer kan bevorderen. Belanghebbenden rond Erfgoed Gezocht, dat wil zeggen rijksoverheidsinstanties, provincies, gemeentes, lokale stichtingen en terreineigenaren, een cultuurinstantie en vrijwilligers, hebben hierin hun visies geuit over Erfgoed Gezocht, burgerwetenschap en de betrokkenheid van het publiek tot archeologie. Verschillende thema’s als betrokkenheid, doelgroep, alternatieven tot burgerparticipatie, communicatie en draagvlak zijn hieruit voorgekomen. Met als resultaat observeerbare trends en prioriteiten voor elke betrokken groep. Ook zijn discussies in het vakgebied van burgerwetenschap toegelicht en zijn vergelijkbare projecten aan Erfgoed Gezocht aangegeven. De grote discussies over natuurbehoud versus archeologische tentoonstelling en het openstellen versus het geheimhouden van archeologische data, worden ook toegelicht en ondersteunt door de interviews. Vrijwilligers in dit burgerwetenschapsproject voelden zich gewaardeerd door de wetenschap, onderdeel van een team, beter geïnformeerd en betrokken tot hun lokale erfgoed en hebben door Erfgoed Gezocht een hernieuwde interesse en vergrote kennis van archeologie en zouden vaker mee willen doen aan soortgelijke burgerwetenschapsprojecten. Alle belanghebbenden geven voornamelijk aan dat bescherming, beleving en beleid de drie belangrijkste factoren zijn in de toekomstige plannen voor de nieuwe grafheuvels en raatakkers. Ook wordt Erfgoed Gezocht geacht als een goed voorbeeld voor toekomstige burgerwetenschapsprojecten, door de succesvolle burgerparticipatie, samenwerkingen, goede communicatie, de naleving van de principes van burgerwetenschap en de archeologische resultaten die het project heeft opgeleverd.Show less
Cities and their populations are constantly growing, and this is putting a great strain on the planet’s resources. Cities consume 75% of all the global natural resources, one of which is water. The...Show moreCities and their populations are constantly growing, and this is putting a great strain on the planet’s resources. Cities consume 75% of all the global natural resources, one of which is water. The city’s density and economic activity affect the distribution of these resources and it is one of the reasons why cities are turning to the Smart City concept. This allows cities to use technology to gather large amounts of real time data and adjust the existing and future plans. However, more data is needed to help these adjustments become more effective. Some researchers have turned towards the citizens as the prime generators of data, calling it citizen science. As a result, methods which motivate citizens to adopt the smart city technology are essential to enable data generation. This research focused on the following question: How can gamification theory facilitate the data collection for urban water management models in the city of The Hague? Through literature research and a questionnaire, the research showed how gamification can help generate more data by motivating the citizens of The Hague. By using the existing water management system as a basis, implementing gamification characteristics which influence the user’s utilitarian perspective like badges, overview tables, notifications and rewards, a user can become more motivated to use the water consumption system, generate data which can be used by urban water management models and ultimately make cities a more sustainable environment.Show less
