Cyberspace has changed drastically, and so have cyber policies. These policies often change when a state gets hit by a cyberattack. However, there is an existing debate on what causes cyber...Show moreCyberspace has changed drastically, and so have cyber policies. These policies often change when a state gets hit by a cyberattack. However, there is an existing debate on what causes cyber policies to change. This paper uses the research question “To what extent did the 2007 cyber-attack in Estonia cause a shift in Estonia’s cyber policies” to study how cyber policies get influenced by cyber-attacks. This paper argues that both the cyber-attack and the geopolitical situation of a country influence the amount of change in cyber policies. In the case of Estonia, this means that Estonia reacted more heavily to the cyber-attack because Russia, a rivalling country, perpetrated it.Show less
China has established an interconnected bond with Latin American ans Caribbean states, with a strong presence in macroeconomic policies and funding infrastructure. A partnership that goes beyond...Show moreChina has established an interconnected bond with Latin American ans Caribbean states, with a strong presence in macroeconomic policies and funding infrastructure. A partnership that goes beyond economic transactions, is the relationship with China and Latin America. Brazil being a large state, membership of the BRICS and having international exposure with the Global South and the Global; has offered them to be the perfect target for geopolitical strategy. By this China has taken advantage of this distinctive feature, as they slowly form a new Global hierarchy during the Pink Tide.Show less
