This thesis focuses on the factors that led to the military intervention of France and the United Kingdom in Libya in 2011. Both actors were at the forefront of discussions regarding how the...Show moreThis thesis focuses on the factors that led to the military intervention of France and the United Kingdom in Libya in 2011. Both actors were at the forefront of discussions regarding how the international community should answer to the threat to civilians posed by the Gaddafi regime, and remained prominently engaged throughout the process leading to the UN-mandated and NATO-led intervention. This research applies the multiple-stream framework as developed by John Kingdon (1984), to identify factors within the problem, policy and political streams defined by the theory. This allowed for several factors and actors crucial to the process to be identified, and for a comparison between the cases of France and the United Kingdom to be established. The multiple-stream framework analysis offers valuable insights into the processes at different levels of analysis, although the qualitative nature of this research hinders possibilities for generalizability.Show less
Master thesis | Crisis and Security Management (MSc)
open access
This research revolves around the decision-making process surrounding the New Year’s Eve bonfires in The Hague. After incidents during the New Year’s Eve 2018/2019 bonfires, the municipality of The...Show moreThis research revolves around the decision-making process surrounding the New Year’s Eve bonfires in The Hague. After incidents during the New Year’s Eve 2018/2019 bonfires, the municipality of The Hague changed its policy. Even though earlier editions revealed the safety risks of the bonfires, the municipality waited until after the 2018/2019 edition to intervene. In order to explain the timing of the policy change, this research uses the Multiple Stream Model by Kingdon (2011). The analysis of the municipal decision-making process gives an insight into the causes that have led to the change in policy. The conditions surrounding the bonfires in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 are compared in order to establish which factors play an important role in the occurrence of policy change. By applying Kingdon’s model to the two cases, conclusions are drawn on whether the model is able to explain the difference in outcome, namely no policy change and a policy change. This research argues that changes in the problem and political stream have led to the policy change regarding the New Year’s Eve bonfires in 2019. The events of New Year’s Eve 2018/2019 have helped to identify the bonfires as a problem in need of government intervention. The political context was just right. In the 2013/2014 case necessary conditions were absent, which explains why a policy change did not occur then. This study has shown that Kingdon’s Multiple Stream Model is able to explain the policy change regarding the 2018/2019 New Year’s Eve bonfires.Show less
