Knowledge is scarce regarding the impact of the transition from Late Roman period to the Early Middle Ages and how this affected the diet of individuals in Late Roman and Early Middle Age cities....Show moreKnowledge is scarce regarding the impact of the transition from Late Roman period to the Early Middle Ages and how this affected the diet of individuals in Late Roman and Early Middle Age cities. Studying diet can help establish a link between cultural change and dietary change, giving a better insight as to what extent political, social, natural and economic shifts affected individuals. Isotopic values extracted from human bone remains from the sites of Castro dei Volsci (Italy), Portus Romae (Italy), Edessa (Greece), Helike (Greece), La Selvicciola (Italy), Romans d’Isonzo (Italy), Eleutherna (Greece) and Messene (Greece) and contemporary written sources from Apicius and Anthimus will give insights into the dietary composition and how this changed over time. Results show that during the Late Roman period people in both Italy and Greece mainly consumed C3 crops like wheats and barley, with the addition of some marine resources and terrestrial animal products. This changed in the Early Middle Ages as the consumption of marine resources in both Italy and Greece declined. Besides the impact of socio-political changes, other factors like cultural changes, environment and migration seem to have influenced a person’s diet. Further investigation can help reveal a new perspective into a broader context of dietary change in the Mediterranean as well as help explain the dietary pattern of outliers. With this knowledge, future study could look into the impact that this transitional period had on the diet of communities throughout the Mediterranean as well as the origin of the outliers identified within this thesis.Show less
In dit werk wordt er met een kritische blik gekeken naar Jonathan Israels opvatting dat de zeventiende eeuwse Nederlands-Engelse Zeeoorlogen geen grote impact hebben gehad op de Nederlandse...Show moreIn dit werk wordt er met een kritische blik gekeken naar Jonathan Israels opvatting dat de zeventiende eeuwse Nederlands-Engelse Zeeoorlogen geen grote impact hebben gehad op de Nederlandse straatvaart. Een onderzoek naar alle drie de conflicten zou echter al snel uitlopen tot een te groot werk voor de context waarin dit onderzoek is gedaan; i.e. een bachelor scriptie. Om het werk behapbaar te houden is ervoor gekozen om op één deel te focussen; de Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog. De voornaamste reden om te focussen op de Tweede Engels-Nederlandse is vooral omdat dit de zwaarst bevochten oorlog zou zijn. Op deze manier kan toch getest worden of zijn stelling over de rol van de zeeoorlogen klopt. Ten tweede wordt met dit werk de historiografie over specifiek de Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog aangevuld. Veel is al bekend, maar de oorlog in de Middellandse Zee is nog altijd onderbelicht. Tot nu toe zijn de twee onderzoeksgebieden, de Engelse Oorlogen en de straatvaart, nog niet samen onderzocht, terwijl dit juist interessante inzichten kan geven over de Engels-Nederlandse concurrentie in het gebied.Show less
Remote sensing is widely applied within archaeological prospection. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated the potential of remote sensing techniques in discovering archaeological remains....Show moreRemote sensing is widely applied within archaeological prospection. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated the potential of remote sensing techniques in discovering archaeological remains. However, remote sensing data is influenced by external factors, such as climate, vegetation and moisture content. Not every remote sensing application is sensitive to each variable and detected anomalies can vary significantly between datasets. The latest trend involves the integration of remote sensing data to limit the possibility that archaeological features remain uncovered. An assessment of these external factors can be used to apply more targeted research at potential archaeological sites. Current prospection methods occasionally deliver poor results and a better understanding of external factors could lead to a significant decrease in time and money. This research aims at constructing a consolidated overview of two aerial imagery and four geophysical prospection techniques, their applicability in archaeological prospection and the ideal conditions to collect their respective datasets. The different techniques, namely thermography, multi-spectral imagery, ground-penetrating radar, geomagnetic survey, electromagnetic induction survey and earth resistance survey, are subjected to a comparative approach executed in the opensource application QGIS. A large number of anomalies were discovered and the best results were obtained with groundpenetrating radar, geomagnetic survey and earth resistance survey. The aerial imagery did not produce many results, which can be attributed to environmental and vegetation circumstances. The results essentially correspond with the findings of previous fieldwalking surveys. Nevertheless, the remote sensing techniques provided interesting insights into feature distribution patterns and the location of structural remains. This thesis provides a framework to assess the possibilities and limitations of remote sensing within archaeological prospection and shows the potential of using an integrative approach. However, this assessment also illustrates the research gap between the theoretical and practical application of remote sensing techniques within the archaeological field.Show less
In this thesis the theme of the diffusion of the cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis from Egypt across the Mediterranean world is treated, by investigating some of the approaches that have been...Show moreIn this thesis the theme of the diffusion of the cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis from Egypt across the Mediterranean world is treated, by investigating some of the approaches that have been employed by Bommas, Woolf, Bricault, and Versluys in their analysis of the theme; and by examining the features of the Temple of Isis of Philae, the Temple of Isis at the Campus Martius in Rome, and the Temple of Isis at Pompeii. While the Temple of Isis at Philae mostly features architectural elements that are typical of indigenous Egyptian temples, the Italian Iseums of Pompeii and of the Campus Martius feature elements meant to evoke the Egyptian environment and elements of the cult of Isis that are represented in a Graeco-Roman fashion. After comparing the different characteristics of these structures, it emerges that the element that can be found in Egyptian temples of Isis (or in at least, the one at Philae) that persisted in the Temples of Isis when these were built in Italy, was the Nilometer, which was featured at the Temple of Isis at Pompeii, although it is not possible to know with certainty if this was featured in the Iseum Campense by looking at the archaeological evidence. In any case, many conducts for water were found in the latter structure, which could have been likely linked to the presence of a Nilometer or of other elements connected to water, and this would underline the persistence of at least the importance of the presence of water in the concept of the Iseum, and thus likely also in the practice of the cult. However, It has to be underlined that in the case of Philae, the Nilometer was with most probability used in connection to the presence of the river Nile in the vicinity of the structure, while in Italic temples this would have been an element related to the ritual of the cult. Other Egyptian-izing features, such as the dromos of the Iseum Campense, and the purgatorium of the Temple of Isis at Pompeii, were not present at the Temple of Isis at Philae, thus probably being features meant to evoke the concept of Egypt in general more than reflecting the characteristics of Egyptian Iseums. Therefore, it is possible to assume that the almost-total refashioning of the concept of the Iseum when this kind of structure was built in at least Rome and Pompeii might be a reflection of the refashioning of the cult that took place after it diffused out of Egypt.Show less
The main argument of this MAIR thesis is that the lack of political motives between the EU and Turkey, towards a common response to migration, resulted in a controversial Refugee Agreement in March...Show moreThe main argument of this MAIR thesis is that the lack of political motives between the EU and Turkey, towards a common response to migration, resulted in a controversial Refugee Agreement in March 2016, which accelerated the number of irregular migrants as well as migrant smugglers and could not provide a long-lasting solution. This thesis aims to identify the process, problems, concerns and the lack of transparency, which eventually resulted in the establishment of this agreement, by reviewing the directives of the UN and EU, and to conclude with possible policy recommendations for further migration discussions, with an emphasis on existing literature on common asylum policies. The coordinated action between the EU and Turkey which eventually resulted in the 2016 Refugee Agreement underlined some multilateral promises that for one Syrian readmitted back to Turkey from densely refugee-populated Greek Islands, there will be another Syrian refugee resettled in an EU Member State in addition to the financial contribution to the Turkish government. This mechanism, in regard to various criticisms from the international community as well as human rights organisations and various scholars, could not ensure the desired stability for the migration crisis, likewise left the people seeking asylum in uncertainty and under inhumane circumstances. There are still thousands of people claiming asylum not only in the reception centres among the European Member States, especially Southern islands of Greece but also in the cities of the Southern part of Turkey where the political and economic capacity have been deteriorating.Show less
The purpose of this thesis is to study the distribution of the Günsenin 3 amphora in Central Greece, during the Middle and Late Byzantine period (ca. 12th-15th centuries). Currently, this amphora...Show moreThe purpose of this thesis is to study the distribution of the Günsenin 3 amphora in Central Greece, during the Middle and Late Byzantine period (ca. 12th-15th centuries). Currently, this amphora is mostly known from shipwreck excavations in the Mediterranean region. Therefore, the two case studies of Orionos street excavation at Chalkis and the survey at the Almirós area, are used to study the distribution patterns of the Günsenin 3 amphora on land. The two case studies show that the amphora was a popular transport jar. This is supported by evidence from shipwrecks, where the amphora was present on shipwrecks dating from the 12th to the 14th century.Show less
This paper tries to explore how contract enforcement was handled in the cross-religious environment of late medieval Christian Valencia, Muslim Granada and North Africa, given the fact that each...Show moreThis paper tries to explore how contract enforcement was handled in the cross-religious environment of late medieval Christian Valencia, Muslim Granada and North Africa, given the fact that each religious community has usually been assumed to apply their own set of rules through their own community courts. By following the merchants of Valencia (incidentally also of Mallorca), whether Christian, Muslim or Jewish, we find instead a more complex scenario in which both Christian consulates and Muslim Royal courts played a crucial role by adapting their proceedings to the requirements of cross-religious trade. We explode also the role of institutions in supporting the expansion of commerce in early fifteenth century Valencia.Show less
Domesticity, its definition and its patterning have continually evolved and changed, to the extent that our modern perception of what constitutes a home, and our perceptions of ‘public’ and ...Show moreDomesticity, its definition and its patterning have continually evolved and changed, to the extent that our modern perception of what constitutes a home, and our perceptions of ‘public’ and ‘private’ are drastically different from what existed in ancient society. This is even more applicable for Ancient Greece and Rome, two civilizations which had a significant impact on the majority of the Old World. Despite this, few studies have undertaken an effective comparison of houses in these two civilizations, and what similarities and contrasts would have existed. This thesis will focus on this issue, specifically targeting two of the best known cities in the Hellenic and Roman periods; namely that of Pompeii and Olynthos. Architecture should, as archaeological research has shown for Greece and Rome retrospectively, reflect the values upheld in society and transmit the ethos of the wider community. For Olynthos, the idea of ‘Isonomia’ should be visible within households, the notion that all members of Greek society were of similar status and of equal importance. Conversely at Pompeii, the concept of ‘Luxuria’ – or rather social status and wealth – was important, thus a stratified system of housing disparity should be witnessed to reflect this. I will target block A vii for Olynthos and Insula of the Menander for Pompeii, two representative and well preserved areas with multiple phases of building history, to carry out this study; in this way a clusters of habitation can be compared. In doing so, this thesis will attempt to investigate the relationship between social contemporary concepts and one specific physical representation of this societies, i.e. domestic architecture.Show less
