On 18 March 2016, the EU – Turkey Statement was conducted by the heads of states or governments of the EU and Ahmed Davutoğlu, Turkish minister of foreign affairs, with the aim to control irregular...Show moreOn 18 March 2016, the EU – Turkey Statement was conducted by the heads of states or governments of the EU and Ahmed Davutoğlu, Turkish minister of foreign affairs, with the aim to control irregular migration from the Aegean Sea towards the European Union. Yet, concerns have been raised regarding the compliance of the EU – Turkey Statement with human rights. Human rights have to be respected in the EU member states as well as in Turkey. When Turkey does not respect these rights, it cannot be considered as safe. As long as Turkey cannot be considered as a safe third country, the EU – Turkey Statement will violate the law of the European Union. This would not only have consequences for the current Statement, but also for similar statements conducted in the near future in which the EU – Turkey Statement might serve as a blueprint for human rights violations. To that end, the aim of this thesis is to examine the compatibility of the EU – Turkey Statement with international and European law, based on human dignity, the right to asylum, the principle of non-refoulement and the assumption of Turkey as a safe third country. The legal examination resulted in the main findings that the EU – Turkey Statement shows malfunctions on the upholding of human rights in the European Union and that Turkey cannot be considered as a safe third country. This because Turkey is part of the Geneva Convention with geographical limitation, the absence for non-Europeans to be granted with asylum in Turkey, a history of violations concerning the non-refoulement principle and serious concerns for inhuman or degrading treatment. In other words, the EU – Turkey Statement is not in accordance with European law and does not safeguard human rights.Show less
While Turks have been welcomed to the German Federal Republic (FRG) with the launch of the guest worker program in the 1960s, their presence seems to have developed into a contemporary issue. The...Show moreWhile Turks have been welcomed to the German Federal Republic (FRG) with the launch of the guest worker program in the 1960s, their presence seems to have developed into a contemporary issue. The purpose of this thesis is thus to examine the reasons and effects of a change in public perception regarding the migration of Turks to the FRG between the 1960s and the present day. This development will be revealed through an analysis of magazine articles from the 1960s as well as more recent ones, and the distinctive media framing of Turks within them. The change in perception of Turkish individuals in Germany will be analyzed from an interdisciplinary approach, including economic, identity, cultural and political perspectives. First, a range of migration theories will be reviewed and a short historical background will be given in order to contextualize the subject matter. Subsequently, the main factors contributing to a change in the perception of Turkish migrants in Germany will be highlighted by presenting economic, identity and culturally driven, as well as political factors. This approach is vital since all of the named factors had a considerable effect in shaping the way Turks are being viewed. As will be highlighted by the research, the perception of Turkish migrants in Germany subsists to be a particularly significant one, due to its contribution to country’s identity, culture, society and everyday life. The migration of Turks to Germany is not only a subject of much and ongoing controversy, but has also been shaping German identity, culture and discourse in a considerable way. The research will thus contribute to the already existing field through an interdisciplinary approach, revealing the connection of a range of factors in shaping the perception of Turkish migrants within Germany. This will consequently allow for a broader and more advanced insight into the overall subject matter.Show less
Onderzoek naar de samenwerking tussen de Nederlandse overheid en de Nederlandse Federatie voor Vluchtelingenhulp binnen het Difficult Cases project eind jaren 1950.
Migration is an opportunity for Europe: an opportunity to increase economic and cultural development. This claim is made by the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), a liberal party...Show moreMigration is an opportunity for Europe: an opportunity to increase economic and cultural development. This claim is made by the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), a liberal party in the European Parliament. The ALDE claim to view migration as an advantage and not as a security threat, a view that xenophobic populistic parties in the European Parliament do have. There is a significant amount of academic research focused on the securitization of migration and the role of right-wing parties in the securitization process. However, research on the role of politically moderate parties in the securitization process is limited. That is why this thesis focuses on the ALDE. It seeks to examine the relation between centrist parties in the European Parliament and securitization theory by exploring how the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe securitized migration between 2011 and 2017.Show less
This bachelor thesis focuses on the influence of catholic NGOs on the policy of the Dutch government towards the admittance of Eastern-European refugees immediately after World War II.
Although the Dutch government was glad Suriname decided to stand on its own feet, it was anxious to see a large proportion of its population immigrate to the Netherlands. The policies put into...Show moreAlthough the Dutch government was glad Suriname decided to stand on its own feet, it was anxious to see a large proportion of its population immigrate to the Netherlands. The policies put into place to stop them from migrating are discussed and their efficacy weighed in a theoretical setting.Show less
In the 20th and 21st centuries it can be witnessed that the portrayal of migration was linked with the economic situation of the receiving country. In an era of economic growth the migrants could...Show moreIn the 20th and 21st centuries it can be witnessed that the portrayal of migration was linked with the economic situation of the receiving country. In an era of economic growth the migrants could be utilized and be beneficial to the economy and in a period of economic decline the migrants could not be utilized and were therefore a ‘threat’ to the national economy. However, official economic statistics do not show that migrants do have a negative economic effect on the receiving country. This means that there is no clarity on the effects of migration. This lack of clarity will be explained by analyzing the influence of the media on the political sphere and the target audience in both the 1930s and the early 21st century, through the framework of securitization studies. The aim is to show that the negative portrayal of migration by the media will lead to the implementation of right-wing anti- immigrant rhetoric across the political spectrum and create a negative sentiment among the native population towards migrants.Show less
This thesis explores the link between migration and food security in Egypt, both in the short and longer term. Instead of relying on predictions and extrapolations typical of traditional...Show moreThis thesis explores the link between migration and food security in Egypt, both in the short and longer term. Instead of relying on predictions and extrapolations typical of traditional forecasting techniques, it uses the novel concept of 'scenario'. The question guiding this research can be summarized as follows: "What do the certainties and uncertainties of possible future migration trends reveal about food security issues in Egypt?". The research results in two scenario matrices, of which two possible scenario outcomes are further elaborated on.Show less
This research analyzes the experiences of transnational identity formation by Cuban-American migrant generations, cohorts and waves living in Miami, as well their cultural behaviours in Miami. The...Show moreThis research analyzes the experiences of transnational identity formation by Cuban-American migrant generations, cohorts and waves living in Miami, as well their cultural behaviours in Miami. The research is framed with reference to historical and contemporary contexts of the bilateral relations between Cuba and the United States.Show less
Migration in the Central Mediterranean is not a new development, but in the period between 2011 and 2016, the number of migrant arrivals in Italy has significantly increased. The central question...Show moreMigration in the Central Mediterranean is not a new development, but in the period between 2011 and 2016, the number of migrant arrivals in Italy has significantly increased. The central question in this thesis is: What are the pull factors of migration? Why do migrants increasingly choose to migrate towards the EU? The basis is the theory of Ravenstein of push and pull factors to explain migration. In this thesis, I identified several developments in the Central Mediterranean during this period and analysed the different variables. These variables are: governmental missions in the Mediterranean, the movement of NGOs involved in search and rescue operations and the EU-Turkey agreement. After a method of process tracing and interviews, the conclusion was that pull factors are less important in the process of decision-making of migrants than is mostly considered. Most migrants are more influenced by push factors.The invasion towards the European Union is a myth and their rescue missions in the Mediterranean do not influence migrants or attract huge numbers of them.Show less
People’s physical appearances and beauty ‘from the outside’ have been part of a variety of cultural discourses for a long time in history. Though, in more recent times, human bodies have...Show morePeople’s physical appearances and beauty ‘from the outside’ have been part of a variety of cultural discourses for a long time in history. Though, in more recent times, human bodies have increasingly fell subject to the democratization of social norms and values, and as a result the body has become a reflection of symbolic meanings (Baghel et al., 2014). In culturally-diverse India, the image of beauty has been changing continuously but it is argued that one perspective on Indian physical beauty has remained quite stable (or at least appears to exist in contemporary India): the aspiration of having lighter skin colors (Kumar, 2002; Glenn, 2008). Even though many researchers recognized that racial categorizations based on skin colors have been reduced in different parts of the world, there still appears to be a correlation between beauty, skin color and social identity among some people in the Indian society today (Glenn, 2008). In examining to what extent skin lightening practices and aspirations have shifted from India to the Netherlands in a transnational context, the goal is to find out the perceived sense of racial consciousness of first-generation Indian migrants living in diaspora in the Netherlands. Grounded in the theories of Social Constructivism by Berger and Luckmann and Racial Identity theory by Helms, this thesis concludes that 1. Migration to the Netherlands has not changed the racial awareness of first-generation Indian migrants consciously 2. Skin color does play a role - though marginal - in migrant’s Indian intracultural environment in terms of marriages, but it is not significant in their Dutch intercultural environment. 3. Most of the first-generation Indian migrants living in the Netherlands do not use fairness creams, and if they do, it is for medical reasons rather than to match cultural and aspirational expectations.Show less
The present thesis aims to introduce an educational proposal that will allow our societies, and particularly the society of Spain, to deal with the challenges presented by a globalised world. It is...Show moreThe present thesis aims to introduce an educational proposal that will allow our societies, and particularly the society of Spain, to deal with the challenges presented by a globalised world. It is a proposal for a balance between knowledge, social equality, and learning. The development of cosmopolitan education, managed through both schools and the community (local administration), is presented as a key to the sustainable development of our societies. An assessment of the rise of migrations in a context of asymmetrical globalisation, and its relation to sustainable development is a requirement when considering the importance of education in understanding the migration phenomenon to promote sustainability. A greater symmetry between sustainability and cosmopolitan education is recommended in order to heighten awareness in the world about the meaning and importance of sustainability and cosmopolitanism for our future.Show less
This thesis provides a close reading of Julia Alvarez’s How the García Girls Lost their Accents. In the novel, the García family is forced to flee to the United States to escape Rafael Trujillo’s...Show moreThis thesis provides a close reading of Julia Alvarez’s How the García Girls Lost their Accents. In the novel, the García family is forced to flee to the United States to escape Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorial regime in the Dominican Republic. The Garcías’ forced migration is a traumatic experience which has tremendous consequences for the entire family. This thesis concentrates on the cultural conflicts that arise with migration, focusing first on the contrast between the communal Latino culture and the individualistic North American culture, then on the different views on gender and sexuality in the Dominican Republic and the United States, and lastly on the importance of language, concluding that the main protagonist Yolanda’s identity is constituted in language.Show less
Given the potential for climate change to drastically affect or cause human displacement and statelessness, this paper asks: given the restrictions posed by its global mandate, how has the response...Show moreGiven the potential for climate change to drastically affect or cause human displacement and statelessness, this paper asks: given the restrictions posed by its global mandate, how has the response of the UNHCR toward the issue of climate change induced migration developed over recent years? This paper contributes to the climate change and refugee literature by gauging whether the global state collective represented at the UN level via the UNHCR accepts responsibility for climate change induced displacement, or whether it shifts the burden of addressing and counteracting the problem of environmentally induced migration onto specific countries, regions, or other organisations.Show less
In this thesis, I examined forms and elements of religiosity among Iraqi Shiite Muslim men who take part in activities organised by the Alcauther Stichting based in The Hague, where I conducted a...Show moreIn this thesis, I examined forms and elements of religiosity among Iraqi Shiite Muslim men who take part in activities organised by the Alcauther Stichting based in The Hague, where I conducted a field research during one year. I attempted to provide answers to the question how the attendees of Alcauther apprehend and apply normative knowledge on Twelver Shiite Islam in their daily lives and religiosity. I found that my respondents sought practical-oriented knowledge to improve their daily religiosity within the circumstances of their daily lives. I also found that they individualise their religiosity in social settings. This individualisation takes the shape of pragmatism, as in some instances, they consciously choose to abstain from applying religious rules because they don’t “fit” into certain social situations. Pragmatism could also be noted in their performance of these rituals due to their professional obligations. Finally, I described and discussed their performance of collective rituals during the month of Muharram.Show less
