Abstract: This study examines the influence of individual and organizational features on the willingness to donate money to NPOs of individuals who are atypical of the organization. For this cross...Show moreAbstract: This study examines the influence of individual and organizational features on the willingness to donate money to NPOs of individuals who are atypical of the organization. For this cross-sectional study, participants who were atypical to the presented NPO were recruited online (n = 98). The research materials included information about international NPOs and a questionnaire that measured organizational morality, organizational competence, empathy, and collectivism of the individual, as well as general willingness to help and willingness to donate money to the organization. Multiple regression analyses showed that general willingness to help is predicted by organizational morality and the individual’s empathy. It has also been shown that empathy and general willingness to help have a direct effect on willingness to donate money to an NPO. Mediation regression analysis supported the hypotheses that empathy and organizational morality indirectly influence willingness to donate via willingness to help. Finally, practical recommendations for NPOs, as well as strengths, limitations, and implications of this online study were discussed.Show less
This thesis conducts a comparison between Aesop's original of the fable "The Cock and the Jasp", and Henryson's changed version as recorded in his Middle Scottish fable collection "The Morall...Show moreThis thesis conducts a comparison between Aesop's original of the fable "The Cock and the Jasp", and Henryson's changed version as recorded in his Middle Scottish fable collection "The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian. This comparison shows how Henryson has added multiple details to the original narrative of the fable. It is argued that these additions cause a shift in the target audience of the fable's moral, and that some details are added to justify the behaviour of lower classes, while others are implemented to further incriminate members of higher classes. This thesis ultimately argues that the criticism of this fable is mainly directed to the higher estates.Show less
In this paper we construe a renovative dialogue by placing the conception of morality that follows from Imam Abu Hamid al- Ghazali’s metaphysics in conversation with equivalent ideas from Friedrich...Show moreIn this paper we construe a renovative dialogue by placing the conception of morality that follows from Imam Abu Hamid al- Ghazali’s metaphysics in conversation with equivalent ideas from Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault, who are both defining thinkers of the Postmodern current. The dialogue primarily serves to clarify how exactly ideas from the traditional religio- philosophical system of the reviver of the Islamic faith may contribute to the expansion of the Postmodern horizon, whilst keeping an eye on its invaluable insights which promise to advance and enrich traditional thought. The central proposition of this paper is that Imam al- Ghazali’s epistemology is expansive to Postmodern thought in providing the philosophical ground for positive and fruitful deliberations on moral truth by synthesizing the faculty of reason with immediate experience (dhawq) with reference to the spiritual heart (qalb) of humans, which is an epistemic faculty of immediate insight into the nature of reality. We argue that traditional Islamic thought is relevant in the context of Secularism, because it answers to the Western surrender of Metaphysics, offering an experientiably verifiable method by means of which to engage in valid metaphysical and moral inquiry. To achieve this end we give a detailed exposition of Imam al- Ghazali’s multi- faceted, life- oriented ethics, critically examine some of the central propositions of Postmodern thought in relation to morality and place them into a dynamic dialogue with the Imam’s religio- philosophical system. Furthermore we present personal considerations supported by and harmonious with the Imam’s writings which question the validity of the nihilistic claims of its interlocutor. It is the purpose of the present endeavor to capture and deliberate about sensitive ideas which shape contemporary secular ideology in a rigorous manner, whilst opening pathways to the consideration that there might be more to reality than matter and ideology.Show less
Considering the urgency posed by the violent homophobic conduct of Sub-Saharan African states towards males who appear as challenging the socially dominant standards of masculinity and sexuality,...Show moreConsidering the urgency posed by the violent homophobic conduct of Sub-Saharan African states towards males who appear as challenging the socially dominant standards of masculinity and sexuality, this thesis aims to problematize queer violence in the African post-colony. Queer violence is hereby defined as the violence inflicted upon the bodies and lives of citizens of the post-colonial state on the sole ground of their perceived or actual sexuality. Looking into the underexplored case of Nigeria, this thesis asks the following question ‘How has the Nigerian state exercised queer violence?’ Based on a review of the literature, the building blocks of the homophobic discourse (laws, morality, tradition and religion), which legitimize queer violence in the African context, and particularly in Nigeria, are discussed. In order to criticise the persisting violent conduct and unveil how queer violence functions, queer theory is utilised together with Foucault’s notion of biopolitics and Mbembe’s necropolitics. Additionally, a genealogical approach helps analyse the state conduct through its discursive, but also non-discursive/material practices. Through the analysis of the occasion of the arrests and arraignment of 57 men in Lagos, Nigeria from August 2018 through March 2020, for offenses related to same-sex relations and homosexuality, it is observed that the Nigerian state has exercised queer violence by disguising its necropolitical conduct in biopolitical terms. It has been further observed that queer violence is performed indiscriminately, endangering especially the male population.Show less
Moral Error Theory is the metaethical theory that argues that moral claims are truth-apt, but systematically false. Upon the acceptance of this view, one might wonder what to do with traditional,...Show moreMoral Error Theory is the metaethical theory that argues that moral claims are truth-apt, but systematically false. Upon the acceptance of this view, one might wonder what to do with traditional, flawed moral language. This puzzle is commonly called the "now what?" question. This essay extrapolates insights from a 3rd-2nd century BCE Chinese thinker, the Zhuangzi. A novel answer to the "now what?" question, namely "wu wei-ism," is created based on these insights. Lastly, it is argued that wu wei-ism successfully passes the tests some researchers have set to evaluate answers to the "now what?" question.Show less
The potential of female love to transform and redeem immoral male behaviour is a theme that can be seen in three novels: Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847)...Show moreThe potential of female love to transform and redeem immoral male behaviour is a theme that can be seen in three novels: Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847), and Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848). This thesis will examine to what extent these novels perpetuate the romanticised ideal of women as the moral and spiritual saviours of men. Through their portrayal of abusive, oppressive or otherwise problematic relationships, the Brontës explore how much influence a woman truly holds over a man’s behaviour. In doing so they navigate different perspectives on whether this ideal makes women submissive or empowered. Rather than subverting the idea of female moral authority, I argue that Jane Eyre and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall reshape the idea to include the possibility for female agency and independence instead of self-sacrifice, whereas Wuthering Heights rejects the concept of moral authority as gendered.Show less
The focus of this thesis is the change in Pamela due to her entrapment in Mr B.’s household, and the elements of violence that are present in the relationship between Mr B. and Pamela. This is...Show moreThe focus of this thesis is the change in Pamela due to her entrapment in Mr B.’s household, and the elements of violence that are present in the relationship between Mr B. and Pamela. This is examined by close-reading Pamela, and by investigating elements of Oroonoko and Beauty and the Beast to show how romanticized violence, Stockholm syndrome, and complex PTSD can be applied to literary characters.Show less
The “forgotten war” in Yemen in anything but forgotten to Saudi Arabia and Iran. Saudi Arabia leads a military intervention in Yemen, whilst Iran diplomatically supports the Houthis and provides...Show moreThe “forgotten war” in Yemen in anything but forgotten to Saudi Arabia and Iran. Saudi Arabia leads a military intervention in Yemen, whilst Iran diplomatically supports the Houthis and provides them with marginal military aid. The Yemeni war has been subject to various frames, varying from civil war to proxy war. This thesis focuses on the understanding of the proxy war frame. It aims to enhance the understanding of Saudi Arabia and Iran’s involvement by an examination of the portrayal of the Yemeni war in both states’ national presses. These national presses are considered propaganda tools, and thereby provide an insight into national ideologies, and the ways in which the Yemeni war is explained to domestic and foreign audiences. The rhetoric of these national presses is compared to the framework of moral responses to distant suffering. In so doing, the following research question was answered: ‘To what extent does the reporting of the Yemeni war in Saudi Arabian and Iranian national presses correspond to the rhetorical framework of moral responses to distant suffering?’.Show less
In 2003, China’s Ministry of Culture published the ‘Interim Regulations on the Administration of Internet Culture’: a list of rules concerning all cultural products on the internet, including music...Show moreIn 2003, China’s Ministry of Culture published the ‘Interim Regulations on the Administration of Internet Culture’: a list of rules concerning all cultural products on the internet, including music. On August 10th, 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Culture used article 16 on the Interim Regulations on the Administration of Internet Culture to censor a total of 120 Chinese songs from the internet. The ministry labeled the 120 songs as blacklisted, because their content was seen as ‘endangering social morality’, according to article 16. A key point of censorship and morality in music in China is that the Chinese government’s rules and regulations for what is considered moral and immoral in music are phrased in very generic terms, leaving room for interpretation. That leaves us with the question, can the blacklisting of the 120 songs be meaningfully related to these rules and regulations? This thesis explores the complex relationship between music, morality and politics in contemporary China by performing a discourse analysis on the banned songs and the legislations regarding internet culture.Show less
This thesis seeks to explore the relation between psychological coping mechanisms and moral responsibility. It argues that there are three essential conditions guiding this relation: in order to be...Show moreThis thesis seeks to explore the relation between psychological coping mechanisms and moral responsibility. It argues that there are three essential conditions guiding this relation: in order to be morally responsible individuals must (1) be aware of a moral demand, (2) be aware of the morally relevant state of affairs, and (3) must to some degree have the physical and motivational ability to act upon this awareness. In specific, the view that motivational ability is an important factor in thinking about moral responsibility is defended in this thesis. Only by taking motivational ability into account, can we think about morality in a way that is both sufficiently realistic, while also satisfactorily idealistic.Show less
Prostitution is a very controversial profession, but why? This thesis is on whether we should still be condemning women who exchange sexual services for money and why or why not.
Bachelor thesis | South and Southeast Asian Studies (BA)
closed access
"Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of social media users. However, social media is mainly used in Indonesia (even by politicians) to spread defamation, rumors, and gossip....Show more"Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of social media users. However, social media is mainly used in Indonesia (even by politicians) to spread defamation, rumors, and gossip. This is inter alia confirmed by the many anonymous social media accounts only spreading defamation. Rumors and gossip, as well as technology such as mobile phones with cameras and social media, can be seen as means to bridge the gulf between the private practice and the public discourse. With the rise of technological developments available in Indonesia - such as phones with cameras, smartphones, Web 2.0 and thus social media - there appeared an increase of cases in which Indonesian politicians are discredited with their private (sexual) behavior. In this thesis of mine, I will elaborate on this trend of discrediting politicians with sex scandals via social media in Indonesia. What does this trend tell us about Indonesian society? What does it say about democracy, law, morality and Islam in Indonesia’s society? With an eye to answering these questions, with the first being my main question, I would first like to introduce and elaborate a bit upon a few topics that I will be using in my thesis when answering my main question, such as social media. Then I will continue with a chapter in which I will introduce a few case studies of sex scandals that happened in Indonesia. The subsequent chapters will be about topics concerning aspects of the Indonesian society: one chapter about democracy, one about law, and one about morality and Islam. Lastly, I will conclude and answer the main question in the conclusion."Show less
Compared to the protagonist of the classic Who series, since 2005 the Doctor has darkened considerably. This finding of moral complexity in the character best shows itself in ambiguities in the way...Show moreCompared to the protagonist of the classic Who series, since 2005 the Doctor has darkened considerably. This finding of moral complexity in the character best shows itself in ambiguities in the way in which the Doctor addresses and discusses (with 'laymen' in the show, such as his companions, or passers-by who somehow get involved) the show’s monsters and villains, and himself.Show less
