In Latin America, where in some countries the presence of indigenous communities is still relatively high, the national governments have been confronted with moral obligations to consider the...Show moreIn Latin America, where in some countries the presence of indigenous communities is still relatively high, the national governments have been confronted with moral obligations to consider the recognition and adherence to the human rights of the indigenous communities within their domestic legislation. Nevertheless, from a legal point of view, human rights declarations do not contain any legally binding regulations, meaning that states cannot be sanctioned, which limits its value. Therefore, the main question that arises when looking at the concept of indigenous rights is about their purpose and effectiveness. The adherence and respect towards the guidelines of declarations continues to depend on influential actors such as the state, and its attitude towards the legal position of indigenous communities is especially visible when conflicts arise that require the governments to protect certain rights of indigenous peoples. In Chile, most conflicts with the numerous indigenous communities are caused by the mining industry. While at the one hand mining activity is the primary source of economic growth, its environmental and social impact on the lives of indigenous communities receives growing attention by human rights rapporteurs, national and international non-governmental organizations and the representatives of the indigenous communities.Show less