Patients suffering from psoriasis are known to commonly experience stigmatization. Even though stigmatization negatively impacts patients’ mental and physical health, relatively little is known...Show morePatients suffering from psoriasis are known to commonly experience stigmatization. Even though stigmatization negatively impacts patients’ mental and physical health, relatively little is known about what prompts public stigmatization. This study aims to examine the extent of public stigma towards people suffering from psoriasis and the influence of scratching, as a possible predictor, on the extent of public stigmatization towards these patients. A cross-sectional survey using video-vignettes has been performed on a sample (n =153) of the Dutch population. Respondents were shown a baseline video with an actress without the visible skin condition showing and either a video-vignette with the visible skin condition showing or a video-vignette with the visible skin condition showing and the actress scratching. After each video-vignette, the level of public stigmatization was measured, using the adapted version of the 6-item Impact of Chronic Skin Disease on Daily Life Stigma questionnaire. The results showed, using a paired samples t-test, an increased level of public stigma when the skin condition is visible compared to when it is hidden with a moderate effect size; t(119) = 6.55, p < 0.001, d = .60 . No significant effect was found, using an independent samples t-test, between when a person with psoriasis is scratching their visible skin condition, as compared to when they are not scratching their visible skin condition; t(151) = 0.48, p = .63. These results suggest that patients suffering from psoriasis are subjected to an increased level of public stigma and that scratching can not be named a predictor for public stigma towards these patients.Show less
Background. Psychosocial consequences of psoriasis have been studied extensively. Feelings of stigmatization, worrying, and psychological distress are common consequences for patients with...Show moreBackground. Psychosocial consequences of psoriasis have been studied extensively. Feelings of stigmatization, worrying, and psychological distress are common consequences for patients with psoriasis. However, research on the prospective influence of psychosocial factors on psoriasis symptom severity is scarce. Thus, in this study, it is researched if feelings of stigmatization, worrying, and psychological distress are related to the exacerbation of psoriasis symptoms six and twelve months later. Method. This prospective study examined through four multiple regression analyses if the predictors stigmatization, worrying, and psychological distress influenced clinician-assessed and self-administered psoriasis severity after six and twelve months. The type of dermatological treatment and baseline disease severity were included as control variables. Data was collected among 49 psoriasis outpatients using an extensive questionnaire containing multiple self-report questionnaires and through clinician-assessed psoriasis severity. This was conducted at three time points: baseline, at six months, and twelve months. Results. Solely for one predictor a significant effect was found, indicating that higher feelings of stigmatization during baseline measurement predicted lower self-administered psoriasis severity after 6 months (ß = -.38, t = -2.25, p = .03) No other significant effects were found for any predictor, regardless of the clinician-assessed or self-administered severity or the time point (all p ≥ .06). There were predominantly no to small effect sizes found (-.36 ≤ r ≤ .30). Conclusion and discussion. The results of this study cannot substantiate the effect of perceived stigmatization, worrying, and psychological distress on psoriasis severity later. However, a lack of power, the extended interval between measurements, and low mean baseline scores can partly explain the lack of results. Future research should enhance their research design by considering more control variables such as treatment adherence, alcohol consumption, visibility of the lesions, and coping strategies. Besides, a broader range of disease severity should be included. As psoriasis has a serious psychological impact, it is worthwhile to continue the research on the effect of psychosocial factors on psoriasis severity. Previous research suggests the existence of an effect, and establishing this could enhance and increase the use of tailored psychological interventions in the treatment of patients diagnosed with psoriasis. This subsequently can contribute to alleviating their disease burden.Show less
Mensen met de huidaandoening psoriasis hebben vaak te maken met stigmatisering. Dit kan een sterk negatief effect hebben op het welbevinden. Momenteel wordt er voornamelijk aandacht besteed aan het...Show moreMensen met de huidaandoening psoriasis hebben vaak te maken met stigmatisering. Dit kan een sterk negatief effect hebben op het welbevinden. Momenteel wordt er voornamelijk aandacht besteed aan het ervaren stigma. Het is belangrijk om meer kennis te vergaren over het publiek stigma door te onderzoeken hoe mensen met psoriasis worden waargenomen in de samenleving. Omdat etniciteit invloed kan hebben op de percepties en reacties van een individu, is het relevant om te kijken in hoeverre de mate van publiek stigma verschilt tussen verschillende etnische groepen. Om dit te onderzoeken hebben 120 participanten de mate van stigma gerapporteerd aan de hand van het zien van twee video vignettes waarin psoriasis wel of niet zichtbaar was. Bij de video vignette met zichtbare symptomen van psoriasis werd er meer publiek stigma gemeten (M = 16.18, SD = 4.92) dan als deze symptomen niet zichtbaar waren (M = 15.06, SD = 5.00), (t(119) = -3.28, p = .01). Daarnaast bleken er geen verschillen in de mate van publiek stigma tussen autochtone individuen, individuen met een westerse migratieachtergrond en individuen met een niet-westerse migratieachtergrond (F(2, 117) = 1.30, p = .28). De bevinding dat zichtbare symptomen van psoriasis leidt tot een toename van publiek stigma, benadrukt de noodzaak om hier verandering in te brengen. Wellicht door stigma-verminderende interventies. Daarnaast geeft de afwezigheid van verschillen in publiek stigma tussen de etnische groepen aanleiding tot vervolgonderzoek met een grotere diversiteit aan participanten en een gebalanceerde verdeling van de etnische groepen, om met meer zekerheid te kunnen kijken of deze verschillen er al dan niet zijn.Show less
Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition characterized by red plaques, itching, scaling, and thickened skin. Stigma from the general public against people with psoriasis is a...Show moreBackground: Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition characterized by red plaques, itching, scaling, and thickened skin. Stigma from the general public against people with psoriasis is a prevalent issue. Stigma in psoriasis has been studied mostly from the patient's perspective, while very little research has been done on public stigma from the perspective of the general population. There are several factors that may play a role in the stigmatization of people with psoriasis, such as knowledge, familiarity and empathy. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective interventions to tackle stigmatizing attitudes. Aims: the aim of this study was to explore potential factors that are related to stigmatizing attitudes from the general public towards individuals with psoriasis and to investigate how these factors were linked. Methods: This study was a sub-project of a bigger study and had a cross-sectional repeated measures within-subjects design. The sample consisted of 150 respondents from the Dutch population, with an average age of 33 years (SD = 13.1), comprising 48 men and 118 women. The respondents had to read a vignette about an encounter with a man with psoriasis after which we measured stigmatizing attitudes towards this person. The study assessed various factors related to these stigmatizing attitudes, including knowledge, familiarity, and empathy. Results: Less knowledge was associated with higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes (R² = 0.16, F(1, 149) = 29.11 , p < .001), as well as less familiarity with other people that have skin diseases (R² = 0.06, F(1, 149) = 10,04, p = .002). However, these relationships were not mediated by empathy. Discussion: This study highlights the potential significance of knowledge and familiarity in reducing stigmatizing attitudes towards people with psoriasis, suggesting the importance of interventions aimed at increasing public understanding and interactions between individuals with and without psoriasis. While empathy did not mediate the relationship between knowledge, familiarity, and stigmatizing attitudes, it is too early to conclude that empathy is irrelevant. By reviewing other studies, we found that empathy could be examined more extensively in several ways. Therefore, by considering different ways of measuring empathy, we can potentially see its role. Consequently, future research should further investigate and expand the ways in which empathy is assessed.Show less
Itch is an evolutionary mechanism that protects one from harm. It is an unpleasant sensation that often leads to scratching or rubbing. Some skin conditions have itching as a primary symptom....Show moreItch is an evolutionary mechanism that protects one from harm. It is an unpleasant sensation that often leads to scratching or rubbing. Some skin conditions have itching as a primary symptom. Moreover, it is an experience that is likely to draw attention. Therefore, attentional bias might be found in patients with a chronic itch condition. However, it has not been investigated whether experiencing a higher level of itch symptoms leads to a higher attentional bias towards itch. The aim of this research is to investigate whether patients with a chronic itch condition that experience more itch symptoms (at the current moment of testing) will have a higher attentional bias score as opposed to people with fewer itch symptoms. The subjects of this study were 5 patients with a chronic itch condition (atopic dermatitis and/or psoriasis). In order to answer the research question participants filled in questionnaires and an attention bias task (dot-probe task with itch-related pictures) was performed. To establish the level of itch symptoms participants filled in a scale from 0 to 10. The result did not indicate higher attentional bias in patients with higher itch symptoms. The results did not support the expectation that a higher level of itch symptoms leads to a higher attentional bias towards itch. However, this might be due to the low number of participants. Future research should take coping style into account.Show less
Itch is a sensation that draws attention. However, this becomes dysfunctional when more attention is given to itch related stimuli compared to other stimuli, e.g. Attentional Bias (AB), which might...Show moreItch is a sensation that draws attention. However, this becomes dysfunctional when more attention is given to itch related stimuli compared to other stimuli, e.g. Attentional Bias (AB), which might be the case for chronic itch. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the existence of an AB. It was expected that people with chronic itch would have an AB towards itch related visual stimuli and that a higher level of psychological distress could predict a higher level of AB. Finally, it was expected that a higher level of AB would be associated with a more severe impact on quality of life. A sample of five patients with chronic itch, as a result of atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, participated in the study. To test the presence of an AB towards itch related visual stimuli, a dot-probe test was performed. Furthermore, the level of psychological distress and quality of life were measured using the DASS-21 and the DLQI, respectively. A paired-samples t-test, multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. The results do not indicate the presence of an AB toward visual itch related stimuli in a population with chronic itch. Furthermore, psychological distress was not a significant predictor for the level of AB. Finally, no significant association was found between the level of AB and quality of life. Future research should examine different stadia of the attentional process towards itch related stimuli. This would help guide the development of interventions for patients with chronic itch.Show less
Stigmatization frequently occurs in individuals with a skin condition such as psoriasis, which can negatively influence their mental health and disease status. While stigma is known to be the...Show moreStigmatization frequently occurs in individuals with a skin condition such as psoriasis, which can negatively influence their mental health and disease status. While stigma is known to be the leading cause of disability for these individuals, little is known about stigmatizing attitudes among the general population and its correlates. This study aimed to examine stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis among the Dutch population and investigated possible predictors. An online survey was administered to 124 participants, which were recruited based on convenience sampling. A 3 x 1 within-subject cross-sectional design was used, investigating the difference in stigmatizing attitudes towards the health conditions psoriasis and common cold (included due to COVID-19), and a healthy control condition. To describe the different conditions, vignettes were used. A one-way repeated measure Manova examined differences between the three conditions on stigmatizing attitudes (assessed by a social distance scale, a direct and indirect version of the impact of skin condition in daily life scale, stereotype endorsement scale, and emotion ratings). In addition, zero-order correlations and multiple regression analyses investigated possible predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis, including sociodemographic variables, familiarity and knowledge about psoriasis, indicators of the behavioral immune system and fear of corona. Manova analysis displayed higher stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with psoriasis as compared to the control group (p<.001). Besides, overall higher stigmatizing attitudes towards a common cold as compared to the psoriasis group were found. Higher stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis were correlated with lower knowledge, higher pathogen disgust, higher perceived infectability, male gender, and familiarity with psoriasis. No correlations were found regarding age, education, fear of corona, or gem aversion. Multiple regression displayed male gender, higher levels of pathogen disgust, and lower levels of knowledge about psoriasis to be predictors of stigmatizing attitudes (p<.05). Stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis is shown to be prevalent in Dutch society. As stigmatizing attitudes were shown to be related to reduced knowledge and male gender, future interventions might focus on these factors. Besides, different age groups and professions could be investigated in future studies. Further research is needed, as stigma towards psoriasis is rarely been investigated among the public.Show less
Background. Stigmatization frequently occurs in individuals with a skin condition such as psoriasis, which can negatively influence their mental health and disease status. While stigma is known to...Show moreBackground. Stigmatization frequently occurs in individuals with a skin condition such as psoriasis, which can negatively influence their mental health and disease status. While stigma is known to be the leading cause of disability for these individuals, little is known about stigmatizing attitudes among the general population and its correlates. This study aimed to examine stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis among the Dutch population and investigated possible predictors. Methods. An online survey was administered to 124 participants, which were recruited based on convenience sampling. A 3 x 1 within-subject cross-sectional design was used, investigating the difference in stigmatizing attitudes towards the health conditions psoriasis and common cold (included due to COVID-19), and a healthy control condition. To describe the different conditions, vignettes were used. A one-way repeated measure Manova examined differences between the three conditions on stigmatizing attitudes (assessed by a social distance scale, a direct and indirect version of the impact of skin condition in daily life scale, stereotype endorsement scale, and emotion ratings). In addition, zero-order correlations and multiple regression analyses investigated possible predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis, including sociodemographic variables, familiarity and knowledge about psoriasis, indicators of the behavioral immune system and fear of corona. Results. Manova analysis displayed higher stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with psoriasis as compared to the control group (p<.001). Besides, overall higher stigmatizing attitudes towards a common cold as compared to the psoriasis group were found. Higher stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis were correlated with lower knowledge, higher pathogen disgust, higher perceived infectability, male gender, and familiarity with psoriasis. No correlations were found regarding age, education, fear of corona, or gem aversion. Multiple regression displayed male gender, higher levels of pathogen disgust, and lower levels of knowledge about psoriasis to be predictors of stigmatizing attitudes (p<.05). Conclusion. Stigmatizing attitudes towards psoriasis is shown to be prevalent in Dutch society. As stigmatizing attitudes were shown to be related to reduced knowledge and male gender, future interventions might focus on these factors. Besides, different age groups and professions could be investigated in future studies. Further research is needed, as stigma towards psoriasis is rarely been investigated among the public.Show less
