In the last thirty years there have been increasing collaborations between artists and scientists and the reasons for this are complex and varied. Although the interaction is mostly promoted as a...Show moreIn the last thirty years there have been increasing collaborations between artists and scientists and the reasons for this are complex and varied. Although the interaction is mostly promoted as a positive and promising activity, there is also a lot of skepticism about the equality between the two sectors. There is a general problem that collaborations may become muddled by different disciplinary understandings. Therefore there seems to be a distinction between bio-art that attempts to challenge the oppressive and exploitative practices that shape the world and bio-art that functions as a form of science- advertisement. Considering these means we should pay attention to the ways in which the arts-science linkage works within our society. This study examines this distinction by focusing on the goal of bio-art according to today’s biggest bio-art competitions: The Bio Art & Design award, the Wellcome Trust arts award, the VIDA Artificial Life International Awards and the FASEB BioArt competition. By comparing their histories, their claimed intentions and their results, this study aims to create a complete overview of the competitions and the role they are playing in the world of bio-art and its development. It shows us if these competitions stimulate bio-art as being a form of advertisement or a form of critical art, which will hopefully bring us a bit closer to answering the more general question; what do we expect from the collaboration between art and science and why is it necessary?Show less
In the present Javanese society, the sacred flower Widjojo Koesoemo is considered to be a myth with no reference on the once-existed court tradition to obtain the flower for Javanese king. In this...Show moreIn the present Javanese society, the sacred flower Widjojo Koesoemo is considered to be a myth with no reference on the once-existed court tradition to obtain the flower for Javanese king. In this research, I demonstrate the role of Widjojo Koesoemo flower and the ritual mission to obtain the flower in the court of Surakarta during the Dutch colonial period. Based on Javanese manuscripts, the mission to obtain Widjojo Koesoemo flower was an important tradition and could be traced back from Javanese mythology as early as 12th century. In the 19th century, both the flower and the mission were needed to build the legitimacy of the king of Surakarta. After coronation, a new king of the court of Surakarta would send a mission to obtain Widjojo Koesoemo. Due to the spiritual matters of this mission, Juru suranata, the court ritual leader, and kyai, the court’s religious leader from Masjid Agung of Surakarta were the key members of this mission. Certain challenges to the flower and the mission appeared when the Dutch scientists in the 19th century tried to demystify the sacred foundation of this flower by looking for it and then classified it into Linnaean taxonomy. I argue that the “silent” rejection of the Dutch finding by the court of Surakarta and continual missions to obtain the flower from 1830 - 1939 are evidenced of Javanese cultural persistence. From this tradition, the king’s rightful cultural authority over the entire kingdom of Surakarta remained unchanged even in the period of its political subjugation to the Dutch colonial government.Show less
The English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were...Show moreThe English scientist Francis Galton (1822-1911)coined the term eugenics in 1883 and first spoke of the concept in 1865. In this thesis it is researched how Galton's ideas about eugenics were formed and how his British contemporaries responded to these ideas. The thesis question thus is:‘what formed Galton’s ideas about eugenics, and how did his contemporaries in British society respond to his ideas?’ Influences from Galton's personal life led to his interest in eugenics. At first Galton's contemporaries did not see Galton's concept of eugenics as a practical possibility, but later in his life he did find people who continued his mission. There was also a lot of criticism of his ideas. This criticism was mainly directed at the morality of eugenics and Galton's neglect of the influence of nurture on the improvement of the human race.Show less
