This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the SMILE intervention (Sleep Mood Intervention – Live Effectively) on the quality of life and depressive symptoms among university students...Show moreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the SMILE intervention (Sleep Mood Intervention – Live Effectively) on the quality of life and depressive symptoms among university students experiencing sleep difficulties. The SMILE intervention is a four-week group therapy program integrating elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness techniques, and lifestyle guidelines. A total of 35 English-speaking participants were randomly allocated to either the SMILE intervention group or a waitlist control group in a 2:1 ratio. The study used a randomized controlled trial design and utilized the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for assessments at baseline and post-treatment. Contrary to our hypotheses, the SMILE intervention did not significantly improve Q-LES-Q or BDI scores compared to the waitlist control group. The influence of gender was not significant on either measure. Although alcohol consumption was found to be a significant covariate in BDI scores, it was not a significant predictor of post-intervention depressive symptoms when adjusting for baseline values. This suggests that while alcohol consumption is a confounder in the effectiveness of the intervention on depressive symptoms, its ability to predict changes in depressive symptoms due to the intervention itself is not statistically significant. These findings indicate that the SMILE intervention did not significantly impact university students’ quality of life or depressive symptoms. Future research may consider exploring additional or alternative interventions to improve quality of life and depressive symptoms among university students.Show less
