This thesis researches the impact of the Sri Lanka Easter attacks of 2019 on tourism to the country. The research question posed is ‘To what extent is the effect of the Easter terrorist attacks in...Show moreThis thesis researches the impact of the Sri Lanka Easter attacks of 2019 on tourism to the country. The research question posed is ‘To what extent is the effect of the Easter terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka reflected in tourists’ travel behaviour through risk perception?’. The literature gap on the impact of the Easter attacks on Sri Lanka has been the motivation for doing this research. The research is multi-disciplinary as it incorporating both political, economic and historical insights on the topic. It can be identified as qualitative research as it makes use of a case study method to research the topic. In order to answer the question, a literature review on terrorism, tourism and tourists’ risk perception has been conducted as well as five expert interviews with Dutch travel agencies that focus on the impact of the attacks on tourism to Sri Lanka. The literature review has been semi-structured, making use of fixed keywords to find peer-reviewed data through Google Scholar. Snowballing has been used as well as a means to find data. The expert interviews have also been semi-structured and probing is used during the interviews. The transcripts have been coded making use of the constant comparative method in order to analyse the data. The findings of the research are that terrorism strongly affects tourists’ risk perception and makes them perceive a destination as unsafe, which subsequently leads to a strong loss in tourism. This perception of risk deteriorates after a couple of months as people forget about the calamity and tourism starts to revive. This has also been the case for Sri Lanka, which experienced a strong loss of tourism after the attacks, but saw tourism increase again after a couple of months. Risk perception therefore strongly influences tourists’ choice in travel destination.Show less
The study covers the topic of sustainable development and the tourism industry in Egypt with a special focus on environmental degradation. The overarching research question for the study is ‘How...Show moreThe study covers the topic of sustainable development and the tourism industry in Egypt with a special focus on environmental degradation. The overarching research question for the study is ‘How does the tourism industry affect sustainable development in Egypt?’ Three case studies were used in order to demonstrate how the industry has affected the environment of the Red Sea. Based on the analysis of the case studies conclusions have been drawn concerning the effect on environmental degradation and how this subsequently affect the other two areas of sustainable development, social and economic development, in the long – term. The results of the paper show that the tourism industry, although it may have short – term positive social and economic effects, have long – term overall negative effects. The focus on long – term development here is critical for this conclusion, since sustainable development implies long – term development through which the current generation can fulfil their needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to fulfil theirs. If the tourism industry continues their current practices of environmental degradation, it will destroy the very environment on which the industry relies for many of its activities but also the very environment on which humanity relies. Environmental degradation of the Red Sea in particular also affects the fishing industry which is another important sector of the Egyptian economy. A loss of revenue both within the sector itself, and other economic sectors relying on the environment may lead to increased unemployment and thus a decrease in general social well – being. This demonstrates how the tourism industry can have long – term negative economic and social effects on the society as a whole. Lastly, the discussion brings up the issue that political instability causes to the tourism sector and the relationship between them. A faltering tourism industry as a result of environmental degradation can contribute to further political unrest due to increased environmental and economic difficulties, thus creating a vicious cycle of negative effects. This clearly demonstrates the importance of developing sustainable practices within the tourism industry, not just for economic reasons within the industry, but for the stability of the Egyptian society as a whole.Show less
This thesis investigates what kind of nation brand the Korean Tourism Organisation and the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism desire to establish for South Korea through the 8 Faces of...Show moreThis thesis investigates what kind of nation brand the Korean Tourism Organisation and the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism desire to establish for South Korea through the 8 Faces of Korea Campaign (2017) and the Feel the Rhythm of KOREA Campaign (2020). A video analysis of the promotional videos from two tourism campaigns was conducted and individual components were identified and categorised in two main categories: globally affiliated and nationally unique. The video analysis reveals that the 8 Faces of Korea Campaign (2017) used a popular cultural export product to establish and familiarise the brand of South Korea, while the Feel the Rhythm of Korea Campaign (2020) portrayed South Korea’s brand identity through a modernised form of traditional Korean culture that is unique to the nation. The thesis concludes that the portrayal of the South Korean nation brand through the promotional videos of tourism campaigns changes accordingly with the shifts in the target audience and tourism policies of South Korea.Show less
Since the 2008 financial crisis, tourism is an increasingly important and fast-growing economic sector in New York City. This thesis researches the impact of tourism gentrification on the economy...Show moreSince the 2008 financial crisis, tourism is an increasingly important and fast-growing economic sector in New York City. This thesis researches the impact of tourism gentrification on the economy and socio-economic wellbeing of residents in a city. The tourism boom and economic growth has come at a cost. Tourists are consumers within the city’s economy and their economic demands have the potential to impact the city. This thesis will analyse how New York City’s policy goal of tourism growth has negatively altered three of the city’s economic sectors via a process of tourism gentrification. The analysis shows that New York City’s economy has experienced intrusive change as a result of tourism gentrification and that these changes have been unevenly geographically distributed throughout the city.Show less
An analysis of Japan's use of their global media presence in the form of anime and its resulting manipulation and uses in tourism promotion and local revitalization. This paper uses an example of...Show moreAn analysis of Japan's use of their global media presence in the form of anime and its resulting manipulation and uses in tourism promotion and local revitalization. This paper uses an example of the anime 'Haikyuu!!' to analyze the extent to which promotion of the area in which it was set was perpetuated by the anime and the means by which this was feasibly reproduced and applicable to other areas of Japan.Show less
Nowadays, tourism has grown into one of the largest industries worldwide being one of the major sources for income and jobs. There is barely a place left untouched by its forces and with the...Show moreNowadays, tourism has grown into one of the largest industries worldwide being one of the major sources for income and jobs. There is barely a place left untouched by its forces and with the prospects of increasing wealth, free time, and accessibility of travelling opportu-nities, predictions for the future tell us that the visitor economy will remain to grow in the coming years as well. Although it brings many opportunities for destinations, it also comes with its fair share of challenges. Discussions regarding tourism are on the rise, as negative effects from tourism are experienced more often. Heritage forms an integral part within this debate since it is a major pull effect for tourists to travel to a destination in the first place. Assuming that heritage does not possess any intrinsic qualities, but is constructed by the use and experience of heritage by people, this means that tourism has the force to transform heritage as well, as tourism is a specific way in which heritage is experienced and interacted with. At the root of these experiences and practices, stands a given heritage discourse and the value system that constructs it. It is, therefore, necessary to examine how the discourse of heritage is constructed, how this causes how people interact with heritage via tourism, and what this tells us how people value heritage in a given context.Because of the discrepancies that tourism creates, I examine possible solutions for these issues by using a sustainability lens, and to evaluate if a sustainable approach can contribute to a healthier tourism management. In addition, I explore how heritage discourse plays into this process, and how it can contribute to sustainable outcomes, both in tourism and heritage management. With this premise in mind, I have taken Amsterdam as case study, as it is one of the major contemporary tourist destinations in the world in which discussions regarding tourism have taken a prominent position in the public discourse. I have looked at a top-down approach, put out by the municipality of Amsterdam named Stad in Balans, in which they have formulated their management strategy for tourism for the coming years. In addition, I have studied a bottom-up initiative called The Untourist Guide to Amsterdam, which is a recently founded movement inspired by practices of crea-tive tourism. By looking at both models, an overview will be given on how sustainability can play a part in tourism and its interaction with heritage, and how the discourse of herit-age can add to the sustainability in how it favors certain values and excludes others.Show less
This thesis researches the impact of tourism gentrification on the authenticity of a place. The research entails a comparison of the history of modern tourism and the history of gentrification....Show moreThis thesis researches the impact of tourism gentrification on the authenticity of a place. The research entails a comparison of the history of modern tourism and the history of gentrification. This analysis of gentrification is realised with the case study of Amsterdam’s city centre. Furthermore, the negotiation of authenticity is used to analyse the impact of tourism gentrification in Amsterdam. This is accomplished through analysing the policies set out by the Amsterdam municipality and is realised by understanding tourism incentives.Show less
“Will you marry me? (I need a European passport” is a quote written on a wall in London which shows a specific type regarding migration. Migration, a term that is greatly covered in academic...Show more“Will you marry me? (I need a European passport” is a quote written on a wall in London which shows a specific type regarding migration. Migration, a term that is greatly covered in academic research. There are many theories that attempt to define migration, as it appeared to be a complex study as no theory in itself explains the motivations behind migration. However, in contemporary literature on migration, labour migration is often prioritised over marriage migration, which is a subject that has received a lesser amount of attention when it comes to migration studies. This thesis deals with the phenomenon of marriage migration focussing on Cuban men with foreign women. Cuba’s history since the revolution of 1959 has shaped the island to its contemporary situation where tourism has been booming in the last three decades. This happened after the collapse of the Soviet Union and gave rise to migration through marriage, a phenomenon that has become well-known on the island throughout the years.Show less
Bachelor thesis | South and Southeast Asian Studies (BA)
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This dissertation focuses on how the socio-political fabric of Vārāṇasī has changed through time, space, and memory according to Kāshīnāth Singh´s 2004 book “Kāshī kā Assī”.
As Chinese domestic tourism to Tibet continues to grow, understanding the mechanisms and ‘effects’ of such ethnic tourism becomes increasingly important. The historical story of the marriage...Show moreAs Chinese domestic tourism to Tibet continues to grow, understanding the mechanisms and ‘effects’ of such ethnic tourism becomes increasingly important. The historical story of the marriage between the Chinese princess Wencheng and the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo is commonly known in China and employed by the Chinese government to legitimize their modern rule over Tibet. This study uses Critical Discourse Analysis to research a theater play of this story, and the presence of this story in Tibet’s many tourist sites. The results of the analysis reveal a process that shows how state-directed stories could become commonly regarded as ‘true’, with tourism as the primary vehicle to advance such a process. I argue that such a process can be found in other cases as well, and is not unique to the story of princess Wencheng.Show less
During the last decade, inbound foreign tourism rate in Japan underwent an outstanding escalation: from 5.22 million in 2003, the number of tourists visiting the country skyrocketed to 19.3 million...Show moreDuring the last decade, inbound foreign tourism rate in Japan underwent an outstanding escalation: from 5.22 million in 2003, the number of tourists visiting the country skyrocketed to 19.3 million in 2015. The government made active efforts towards this achievement as part of the strategy to strenghten the Japanese image abroad, as well as its national brand. A necessary part of this strategy was constituted by Japanese food, following the international popularity that it enjoyed in the recent years. As the global interest for authenticity and uniqueness grew especially in regards to food and tourism, this resarch tries to understand why Japanese government is using food as a product to give legitimization to its entire national brand, specifically by selling it through tourism consumption, to then establish which strategies are being adopted in order to reach this scope.Show less
In 2020 the Olympic Games will be hosted by Japan. In this article, several ways in which the Japanese government will try to attract as many tourists as possible will be covered, with the 'Cool...Show moreIn 2020 the Olympic Games will be hosted by Japan. In this article, several ways in which the Japanese government will try to attract as many tourists as possible will be covered, with the 'Cool Japan' strategy as introduced by the MOFA in 2002 as the red line. The strategy will be considered from several political views, including the Soft Power view as suggested by some. In analyzing (tourism) spaces, Foucault's Heterotopias will be used as theoretical groundwork. It will become clear that the Cool Japan strategy of the Japanese government carefully selects and combines several cultural products in order to build and project a politically meaningful image to the outside world.Show less
The economic impacts of tourism have been discussed widely, but mostly through the Tourism-led growth hypothesis. That is why; this thesis will contrast two viewpoints that I apply to the tourism...Show moreThe economic impacts of tourism have been discussed widely, but mostly through the Tourism-led growth hypothesis. That is why; this thesis will contrast two viewpoints that I apply to the tourism industry, which are the tourism-led growth hypothesis and the resource curse approach. Tunisia will be a useful case study because it epitomizes the debate on tourism due to its colonial history and the fact that its mass tourism development was centred on the well-known ‘sun, sand, sea’ package. The positive economic impacts of tourism, but also the costs of tourism will be analysed by the means of answering the following research question: How has mass tourism influenced the economic development of Tunisia since the late 1980s?. The purpose of this thesis is to research and understand the development and the economic impacts of the tourism industry in Tunisia. The theoretical framework will give an overview of the literature regarding the various perspectives on tourism. The conclusions drawn from this research provide insights into the positive economic impacts of the development of the tourism sector in Tunisia. I will also demonstrate throughout my thesis that there are constraining factors to the economic development of the industry. This implies that Tunisia could upscale its economic benefits from this sector. The aims of the research are to give recommendations to Tunisian policy-makers, and to suggest further research on the cross-sectoral linkages between tourism and the agricultural sector.Show less
A case study on the influence of cultural heritage, identity, and tourism on the websites for two museums related to cultural heritage. Focusing on the presentation of heritage on the websites and...Show moreA case study on the influence of cultural heritage, identity, and tourism on the websites for two museums related to cultural heritage. Focusing on the presentation of heritage on the websites and the creation of an image for tourism.Show less
In 2015, the Bunkacho started up a project known as Japan Heritage (Nihon Isan). The purpose of this project is to locate heritage in the local area and organizing it into a regional 'story' that...Show moreIn 2015, the Bunkacho started up a project known as Japan Heritage (Nihon Isan). The purpose of this project is to locate heritage in the local area and organizing it into a regional 'story' that is consumable for a public both within and outside of Japan. While the project itself is organized by the Bunkacho, a lot of organisational responsibility is held by local players. With local heritage organisations, local authorities and government each playing their role, should we see this new project as top-down consumentarism or bottom-up conversation of local heritage by local people? This is the question I aimed to answer within this essay.Show less
