The main question of this research is about which of two models about urnfields and Late Prehistoric land division fits best with the data around the sites Baarlo de Bong and Venlo-Zaarderheiken....Show moreThe main question of this research is about which of two models about urnfields and Late Prehistoric land division fits best with the data around the sites Baarlo de Bong and Venlo-Zaarderheiken. In the first model from Roymans and Fokkens (1991), it is suggested that burials were moving together with the settlements during the Middle Bronze Age (new burials at new places), whereas later burials from the Late Bronze Age (urnfield period) were formed in central locations within the landscape together with one or two families. In the other model, burial landscapes are suggested; these are zones without connection to the settlements were burials are placed in large areas stretching up to several kilometres in length (Arnoldussen and Fontijn 2006, 301). To answer the question, information was gathered from the Dutch national archaeological database known as Archis, from which information was gathered regarding the locations of former urnfields, burial mounds, Roman burials etc. This information was combined with information from the AHN; a Dutch elevation map from which small round hills could be identified as potential burial mounds around sites. The combination of the locations of supposed former burial mounds/urnfields and the hills of the elevation map can be used to make special correlations between the observations and the two archaeological sites. From this research, it could be concluded that at the site of Venlo- Zaarderheiken, there are a lot of observations of Prehistoric and Roman burials in close vicinity of the site. At Baarlo de Bong however, there are only a few observations of burials in the vicinity of the site. Because of this, Venlo-Zaarderheiken seems to be a candidate for a burial landscape, because of the many observations in close vicinity of the site, which also stretch out over a much larger area. On the other hand, both models could fit for Baarlo de Bong, because of the relatively small size of the burial site. The model of Roymans and Fokkens could not be rejected, thus both models are possible.Show less
De Venlose carnavalsvereniging Jocus werd in 1842 opgericht en bestaat tot op de dag van vandaag. In het Gemeentearchief van Venlo wordt een omvangrijk archief van Jocus uit de periodes 1842-1845...Show moreDe Venlose carnavalsvereniging Jocus werd in 1842 opgericht en bestaat tot op de dag van vandaag. In het Gemeentearchief van Venlo wordt een omvangrijk archief van Jocus uit de periodes 1842-1845 en 1876-1906 bewaard. Carnaval was in die tijd een belangrijk feest voor de Venlonaren, net als voor veel andere inwoners van Limburg. Het regionale feest hangt sterk samen met de Limburgse regionale identiteit die in de negentiende eeuw opkwam, waar ook het gebruik van een eigen dialect aan heeft bijgedragen. Carnaval en dialectgebruik zijn dan ook nauw verwant en een onderzoek naar het taalgebruik van Jocus biedt inzichten in die wisselwerking. In deze scriptie staat de volgende onderzoeksvraag centraal: Hoe zag de taalsituatie van carnavalsvereniging Jocus uit Venlo (1842-heden) er in de negentiende eeuw uit en in hoeverre werd deze taalsituatie gekenmerkt door meertaligheid en taalcontact? Een analyse van het het negentiende-eeuwse archiefmateriaal van Jocus biedt antwoorden op deze vraag. De analyse van de taalkeuze per inventarisnummer laat zien dat er vijf domeinen te onderscheiden zijn, waarin elke taal een eigen functie vervult. Over het algemeen is in de formele domeinen, administratie en brieven, het Nederlands dominant en is in de andere drie domeinen, externe publicaties, voordrachten en liedjes, naast het Nederlands ook een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor het Venloos en Duits. De grove indeling beantwoordt een deel van de onderzoeksvraag: de negentiende-eeuwse taalsituatie van Jocus laat zich in hoge mate kenmerken door meertaligheid. Naast het Nederlands en Venloos dat in veel archiefstukken te vinden is, nemen ook het Duits en in iets mindere mate het Frans een belangrijke plaats in. Waar er in zeer ruime mate sprake was van meertaligheid, kan dat van taalcontact tussen die talen niet gezegd worden. In een selectie van brieven en voordrachten komen slechts enkele gevallen van code-switching voor. Dit geringe aantal gevallen is te weinig om te spreken van een continuüm van talen, waarbij er tussen het Nederlands en Venloos als uitersten op een schaal intermediaire varianten voorkomen. De taalsituatie van Jocus is dan ook niet diaglossisch, maar veel meer diglossisch, waarin de Nederlandse standaardtaal en het Venlose dialect gescheiden van elkaar blijven, in verschillende domeinen gebruikt worden en dus aparte functies vervullen.Show less
The research and knowledge of Roman vici in the Netherlands is still very limited. So far, the function and role of these vici and their regions are only researched and concluded on a micro-scale....Show moreThe research and knowledge of Roman vici in the Netherlands is still very limited. So far, the function and role of these vici and their regions are only researched and concluded on a micro-scale. The lack of research suggests that this kind of settlements were not important for the organisation and operation of an area. However, the opposite is true. The aim of this thesis is to research the functions of the Roman vici located at the Meuse in the area between Cuijk and Maastricht. In order to be able to research the functions, the two vici with the most extended knowledge have been selected for a more detailed research: Venlo and Cuijk and their region. These vici and regions have been researched by a literature review of the archaeological data and location analysis and by a comparison. The purpose of the literature review was to analyse the archaeological remains, such as houses, and the material culture, among which mainly ceramics and coins. Both indicate the kind of connections of the vicus and how wealthy the inhabitants were. The location analysis is based on research of vici abroad. The analysis consists of three aspects: the geological location, the presence of natural resources/life necessities and the infrastructure. All of this information could indicate possible functions. The vici of Venlo and Cuijk with their regions have been compared in order to clarify the differences and similarities. Only few similarities were observed, mainly concerning the geological location. Noteworthy is that the civilian vici were similar during the first century. When the change from wooden to stone building material occurred, the vici became distinguishable. The material culture, industrial activities, infrastructure, region and relations to large cities are in no means the same. In the end, it became clear that Venlo and Cuijk are very different vici with different phases, developments and material culture. It appears that Venlo was mainly focussed on trade over water and Cuijk was focussed on trade over land. Both can be considered as regional centres with an important role in the distribution of materials and the spread of Roman culture. In time Cuijk became much more prominent in its region. Several archaeological remains indicate that Cuijk gained a higher status, while Venlo was abandoned in the end of the second century. The results of this thesis emphasise that the functions of the vici in the region Cuijk-Maastricht could be quite varied. It points out that the vici were an indispensable and significant aspect of the Roman period.Show less
