This paper seeks to aid in the accountability process for private military and security companies by providing clarity as to whom these companies should be rendered accountable. The dissertation...Show moreThis paper seeks to aid in the accountability process for private military and security companies by providing clarity as to whom these companies should be rendered accountable. The dissertation makes use of an adapted version of Bovens’ Framework for Accountability, incorporating five different forms of accountability – political, legal, professional, social, and economic. Through the application of this framework onto two case studies of Wagner Group in Syria and Blackwater USA in Iraq, it is evident that the use of limited accountability through only one or two forms of accountability is insufficient. It was found that in order for PMSCs to be rendered accountable to an unbiased independent body as suggested by this author, all forms of accountability should be used simultaneously. This paper further examines reiterating the importance of the oft-neglected social accountability, and how the role of morality at the human and public opinion level can shape the way in which regulatory measures apply. Through these findings, this thesis recommends the implementation of a series of new legislative measures, which utilise a multi-pronged approach incorporating not only legal methods, but social, political, professional, and economic measuresShow less
Nietzsche, disciple of Dionysus and lover of music, thought about the question of the ideal music throughout his life. The early Nietzsche of Die Geburt der Tragödie (1872) greatly admired his...Show moreNietzsche, disciple of Dionysus and lover of music, thought about the question of the ideal music throughout his life. The early Nietzsche of Die Geburt der Tragödie (1872) greatly admired his friend Wagner, whose music he considered to be the ideal Dionysian music and so the great hope for the overcoming of the crisis of modernity. Later, this friendship would collapse, and what remained for Nietzsche was Der Fall Wagner, as his late polemical book is named. Grand Style (“großer Stil”) became the new Dionysian aim for the arts and hope for the overcoming of the crisis of modernity. The background of this thesis is the crisis of modernity, to which the Dionysian is to be the solution. The question I will answer is why Nietzsche’s Dionysian musical ideal changed over time from Wagner to Grand Style.Show less