In dit Bachelor Eindwerkstuk wordt de rol van water in Romeinse polytheïstische religies te Rome in de Republiek en prechristelijke Keizertijd onderzocht.
The conflict between Nigeria and the Boko Haram insurgency has caused a lot of suffering in North-East Nigeria. Additionally, food, water, and refugee crises are created in the region as a result...Show moreThe conflict between Nigeria and the Boko Haram insurgency has caused a lot of suffering in North-East Nigeria. Additionally, food, water, and refugee crises are created in the region as a result of the conflict. Scholars have written about the dynamics of the Boko Haram insurgency and the counterinsurgency operations of the Nigerian forces. From the counterinsurgency point of view much has been written related to the different actors or human rights. The geographical perspective on counterinsurgency has not been touched upon much and this is what will be done in this study. In this study the research question: How can we explain the geostrategy of Nigeria in its conflict with Boko Haram? This will be attempted via a case study analysis on the Nigerian counterinsurgency operations in combination with a focus on the natural resources oil and water. Findings suggest that the presence of these resources allow for a geostrategic explanation of Nigeria in the conflict. Additionally, the study illustrates the influence water could have when combined with a counterinsurgency framework. These findings are relevant in widening of theShow less
Sanctuaries in ancient Greece were important religious hubs for the purposes of cult worship. Located on areas anointed as hallowed ground, the sanctuaries played important roles as regional,...Show moreSanctuaries in ancient Greece were important religious hubs for the purposes of cult worship. Located on areas anointed as hallowed ground, the sanctuaries played important roles as regional, economic and political centres, attracting many visitors in their time. This thesis aims to identify and structure the different roles of water in sanctuaries into two main categories. Firstly what the different uses of water are in a practical and utilitarian context, and secondly what the uses of water are in a ritual or sacred context. To analyse the roles and aspects of water in ancient Greek sanctuaries, the archaeological record of two very influential and important Greek sanctuaries is studied: the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia and the sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidauros. The archaeological traces at these sanctuaries are investigated for traces of structures relating to water management. In addition to analysing and interpreting archaeological water management structures, the analysis of ancient written sources and inscriptions were used to further understand ancient water practices not visible in the archaeological record. Other methods like the study of sacrificial rituals in both sanctuaries provided additional insight into the role of water in cult contexts. The results showed a wide variety of water usage, with some roles associated to water that we no longer see today in western societies. Ritual roles of water were very unique to Greek religion, and were paired with concepts of pollutions (Miasma). In short, water usage had ritual and sacred aspects when dealing with ritual sacrifices, purifications before entering sanctuaries and specific holy temples. Furthermore, water was also believed to have healing properties, and was used to ritually bathe and clean. On the other hand, utilitarian and profane uses of water were more predictable and mostly out of necessities. These include water used for personal needs like drinking, cleaning and bathing. Yet also some non-personal needs like washing sanctuary statues, cleaning sacrificial altars and water spent on watering plants and animals. These results give us a wider view of the dimensions waters could have had in Greek sanctuaries, especially in a cult environment.Show less
This research investigates whether or not the resource curse remains applicable when a state transitions from oil dependency to water dependency. In the context of Sudan, this thesis investigates...Show moreThis research investigates whether or not the resource curse remains applicable when a state transitions from oil dependency to water dependency. In the context of Sudan, this thesis investigates the strategic choices of the Salvation Regime during this transition from the '60s till the fall of the regime in '19. Results of this research indicate that (continued) strategic dependency on foreign powers and distributive efforts to capture the voting block domestically by the government strongly reflect on symptoms predicted by the resource curse model.Show less
The nature of the animals that appear in Goblin Market, The Water Babies and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are either fixed(as in Bestiaries) or in flux (influenced by evolution theories,...Show moreThe nature of the animals that appear in Goblin Market, The Water Babies and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are either fixed(as in Bestiaries) or in flux (influenced by evolution theories, depending on the author's view on timeless childhood and the message they want to convey through their work.Show less
This thesis looks at the case of Jordan and argues that corporatisation and privatisation efforts lead to improved success in economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social equity...Show moreThis thesis looks at the case of Jordan and argues that corporatisation and privatisation efforts lead to improved success in economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social equity for water management when sufficient regulatory capabilities exist. The success of water privatisation is disputed, both politically and academically. So far, evidence is inconclusive. This thesis develops an analytical framework for examining how privatisation may contribute to success in water management. Jordan is running dry, both financially and in terms of water. Given these circumstances, efficient water management is important. Jordan aims to solve its problems by involving the private sector. In applying the framework to Jordan, this work both establishes the validity of the framework and simultaneously shows that involving the private sector can be an appropriate approach for Jordan to tackle its water management issues. This insight has concrete policy implications: smaller scale private partnerships may be more appropriate than larger projects where less regulatory capacity exists. Even as they may have less impact, they can improve efficiency and are easier and less controversial to implement.Show less
Water security has become an important issue in arid regions like the Persian Gulf. Water scarcity coupled with a growing population have led the GCC countries to implement new policies and improve...Show moreWater security has become an important issue in arid regions like the Persian Gulf. Water scarcity coupled with a growing population have led the GCC countries to implement new policies and improve their water sector. This paper explores the water situation of these countries in an effort to determine the role of water cooperation in tackling water insecurity. By looking at data, reports and official documents, this research studies water cooperation as a potential solution to water insecurity, as well as the trends of the GCC countries in this regard.Show less
In this project the presence and characteristics of a (lubricating) water layer during ice skating were studied. A water layer of several micrometers in thickness was found, influenced by...Show moreIn this project the presence and characteristics of a (lubricating) water layer during ice skating were studied. A water layer of several micrometers in thickness was found, influenced by parameters such as the normal force on the skate, the speed at which the skate moves and the temperature of the ice and the temperature of the skate. Various improvements to the setup have been implemented and are described in this work. Theoretical models of the problem have been refined and used to allow for more direct measurements of the water layer thickness. Lastly, an outlook is given which provides a future student with a starting point for a new project.Show less
Growing demand or declining availability of water makes distribution decisions based on water scarcity an increasingly acute problem across the globe. In my research, I focused on the question...Show moreGrowing demand or declining availability of water makes distribution decisions based on water scarcity an increasingly acute problem across the globe. In my research, I focused on the question whether water scarcity can lead to conflict. To investigate how water and conflict are connected I used two theories which are the most relevant when dealing with the connection between water and conflict, Water Wars theory and Resource Curse theory. I studied the Darfur conflict case and the Chinese environmental conflict case to find out if water scarcity can lead to conflict.Show less
