Space distribution is an important aspect of city planning. Its proper conduct would contribute to the creation or distortion of proper accessibility, mobility, and right to the city. Historically,...Show moreSpace distribution is an important aspect of city planning. Its proper conduct would contribute to the creation or distortion of proper accessibility, mobility, and right to the city. Historically, cities have implemented a more profit-based approach to urbanism, creating a car-centric narrative in urban space distribution. However, lately there have been movements of progressive urbanism, which advocate for a future change. More specifically, as cities progress, how can urban planners succeed to redevelop their urban planning methods in order to fit a more human-centric approach on a street level.Show less
This thesis investigates the presence of body language, specifically gestures and facial expression, in the Audio-description for the Dutch film ‘Wat is dan Liefde’ (Webster, 2019). The thesis...Show moreThis thesis investigates the presence of body language, specifically gestures and facial expression, in the Audio-description for the Dutch film ‘Wat is dan Liefde’ (Webster, 2019). The thesis looks at how these elements are described to blind and visually impaired audiences through Audio-description. By using the methodology of Multimodal Transcription, this thesis is able to show the Audio-description and dialogue paired with the relevant image of body language throughout the thesis. The results show that the features of facial expression and gestures are not often described in the Audio-description. The Audio-description features more descriptions of facial expressions than gestures. An explanation for this could be that the gesture is more often included in the dialogue.Show less
The nucleosome core particle is at the lowest level of DNA compaction, a mechanism that enables the DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus. Multiple nucleosomes, connected to each other like beads on a...Show moreThe nucleosome core particle is at the lowest level of DNA compaction, a mechanism that enables the DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus. Multiple nucleosomes, connected to each other like beads on a string, can stack tightly together to form the chromatin fiber. The compact form of this structure hinders external proteins and enzymes from accessing the nucleosomal DNA and using them in fundamental DNA processes. Nucleosome breathing is a process in which access is facilitated by the transient unwrapping of the nucleosome, thereby exposing the otherwise occluded DNA. This thesis investigates the nucleosome breathing mechanism in a dinucleosome system, a sub-structure of the chromatin fiber where two identical nucleosomes with varying DNA sequence are connected by a piece of linker DNA of varying length. The accessibility of the nucleosomal binding sites is modelled through a statistical model, expressing the breathing process in terms of the adsorption energy of the binding sites and the elasticity of the bent DNA in a dinucleosome configuration. The elastic energy of the bent linker DNA and nucleosomal DNA during the breathing process is estimated through a Monte-Carlo simulation. The results make clear that binding sites in such a dinucleosome structure are much more accessible than binding sites in a mononucleosome. Our findings show that the length of the linker DNA and the sequence of the nucleosomes are a determining factor of the dinucleosome configuration, thereby suggesting that these parameters play an important role in regulating the accessibility of higher order structures such as the chromatin fiber.Show less
Subtitlers often find themselves choosing between adhering to subtitling constraints and improving the target audience's understanding of the source material. In other words, they make choices...Show moreSubtitlers often find themselves choosing between adhering to subtitling constraints and improving the target audience's understanding of the source material. In other words, they make choices between condensation and accessibility. This thesis examines how references to political discourse are translated in Netflix's series House of Cards, from English to Dutch. These references were categorized by using a translation taxonomy (Pedersen, 2005/2011). This categorization process demonstrated how the Official Equivalent translation strategy can be problematic, and a tendency to choose (cultural) accessibility over condensation in general.Show less
