After a ground coring was done by Leiden University at Vrouw Vennepolder, pollen research has been conducted by archaeology students. In this bachelor thesis, the pollen diagram which came out as a...Show moreAfter a ground coring was done by Leiden University at Vrouw Vennepolder, pollen research has been conducted by archaeology students. In this bachelor thesis, the pollen diagram which came out as a result of the thesis, has been used to reconstruct the past landscape and to look into ways that the taxa present in the pollen diagram could have been used for multiple purposes. At last, there was something said on the effects this had on the decline of biodiversity in the area. Vrouw Vennepolder is a site located on the northeast outside of Leiden in the municipality of Kaag en Braassem. The region has had peat extractions from the 11th century onwards. The polder itself was created in the 17th century as a result of merging four pieces of land together. The plants indicate that they were on slightly saline grounds before peat extraction started in the 11th century AD. After that, the plants representing the layers are mostly fresh or brackish water plants. Both during the peat extraction and the polder formation, there were taxa present that could have been used by the local population. These plants include a variety of trees, shrubs and herbaceous species that are known for their specific uses both in the past and now. For the dating of the site, peat accumulation rates and a pollen diagram from Kijkduin have been used. These two factors together gave a good comparison of the time development in the pollen diagram of Vrouw Vennepolder. The development starts at 170 centimetres and ends at 50 centimetres. There is no clear timespan given to the layers below 170 centimetres. One can see a transition of the plant populations present at the site on the pollen diagram. As the human influence got bigger at the site, the biodiversity declined too. The distribution of trees and shrubs also changed over time, as herbaceous plant species slowly got more represented. Nadat door de Universiteit Leiden een grondboring was gedaan op de Vrouw Vennepolder, is er pollenonderzoek gedaan door archeologie studenten. In deze bachelorscriptie is het pollendiagram dat naar aanleiding van het proefschrift naar voren is gekomen, gebruikt om het landschap uit het verleden te reconstrueren en om te onderzoeken hoe de taxa in het pollendiagram voor meerdere doeleinden konden worden gebruikt. Uiteindelijk is er ook iets gezegd over de effecten dat dit had op de achteruitgang van de biodiversiteit in het gebied. Vrouw Vennepolder ligt in het noordoosten buiten Leiden in de gemeente Kaag en Braassem. Vanaf de 11e eeuw wordt turf gewonnen in de regio. De polder zelf is in de 17e eeuw ontstaan door het samenvoegen van vier stukken land. De planten in het pollendiagram geven aan dat ze op licht zoute gronden stonden voordat de turfwinningen in de 11e eeuw begonnen. Daarna zijn de planten die de lagen vertegenwoordigen meestal zoet- of brakwaterplanten geweest. Zowel tijdens de turfwinning als de polder formatie waren er taxa aanwezig die door de lokale bevolking gebruikt hadden kunnen worden. Deze planten omvatten een verscheidenheid aan bomen, struiken en kruidachtige soorten die zowel in het verleden als heden bekend staan om verschillende gebruiken. Voor de datering van de vindplaats is gebruik gemaakt van veen accumulatie snelheden en een pollendiagram uit Kijkduin. Deze twee factoren samen gaven een goede vergelijking van het tijdsverloop in het pollendiagram van Vrouw Vennepolder. De ontwikkeling begint bij 170 centimeter en eindigt bij 50 centimeter. Er is geen duidelijke tijdsaanduiding gegeven aan de lagen onder de 170 centimeter. Op het pollendiagram is een overgang te zien van de aanwezige planten populaties op de locatie. Naarmate de menselijke invloeden op de plaats groter werden, nam ook de biodiversiteit af. Ook de verspreiding van bomen en struiken veranderde in de loop van de tijd, omdat kruidachtige plantensoorten langzaamaan meer vertegenwoordigd werden.Show less
In this paper, the gardens of seventeenth and eighteenth century country houses of Java and Suriname will be compared to the gardens of country houses in the Netherlands. This paper forms a part of...Show moreIn this paper, the gardens of seventeenth and eighteenth century country houses of Java and Suriname will be compared to the gardens of country houses in the Netherlands. This paper forms a part of a broader research on the imperial cohesion of the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth and eighteenth century.Show less
Botany saw numerous publications in Europe during the 16th – 17th centuries, most of which contained illustrations. Another visual aspect of these books which has received less study is the...Show moreBotany saw numerous publications in Europe during the 16th – 17th centuries, most of which contained illustrations. Another visual aspect of these books which has received less study is the frontispiece. This essay provides a case study on the two frontispieces for the English work known as "The Herball" (1597, 1633). This study investigates the visual thinking of early modern Europe and the relationship between art and science during this period. The central question to be answered during this research is: What can the 1597 and 1633 frontispieces for John Gerard’s "The Herball" tell us about the visual understanding of botany in the late 16th and early 17th century England?Show less
This edition elaborately discusses the letters between London based nurseryman William Malcolm (d.1798) and David van Royen (1727-1799), professor of Botany and the director of the Hortus Botanicus...Show moreThis edition elaborately discusses the letters between London based nurseryman William Malcolm (d.1798) and David van Royen (1727-1799), professor of Botany and the director of the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden, written between 1768-1773. The research focuses on how this correspondence gives insight in the study of botany in Leiden and the development of its botanical garden, the international plant trade and the extensive network of people involved, and the close relationship between science and commerce in the second half of the eighteenth century.Show less
