China is the main supplier of rare earths, which are 17 metals that are needed for various technologies. The increasing demand for clean energy has also grown the demand for rare earths. In...Show moreChina is the main supplier of rare earths, which are 17 metals that are needed for various technologies. The increasing demand for clean energy has also grown the demand for rare earths. In particular, the EU will need a substantial amount of rare earths for the EU’s Green Deal goal: net zero emissions before 2050. While clean energy will greatly help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, there are environmental and social problems that need to be discussed. China’s rare earth mining and processing activities are not sustainable, as it causes serious human health risks, water pollution and other environmental harm. This thesis will discuss the dilemma between clean energy and the unsustainable supply chain of rare earths. Furthermore, recommendations on how the EU should deal with this dilemma are presented.Show less
