This paper will question to what extent educational policy during British indirect rule shaped the socio-political identity of post-colonial southern Sudan and how it articulates with internal and...Show moreThis paper will question to what extent educational policy during British indirect rule shaped the socio-political identity of post-colonial southern Sudan and how it articulates with internal and external post-colonial dynamics in the context of the 2011 secession. It focuses on educational policies because of its instrumental importance in creating the agencies for the British indirect rule, which is therefore valuable to examine if one wants to understand the impact of indirect rule on post-colonial societies. This paper will argue that it was the colonial legacy of indirect rule -embodied in the ‘Southern Policy’ - that shaped the socio-political landscape of post-colonial southern Sudan, which led to a decades long struggle of resistance and self-determination towards the assimilation politics of the Arab dominated government in Khartoum. And, that it was in the post-9/11 era that the internal and external dynamics coincided and allowed southern Sudan to vote for its independence.Show less
The concept of sustainable development has already been embraced more than three decades ago since the publication of the Brundtland Report by World Commission on Environment and Development. This...Show moreThe concept of sustainable development has already been embraced more than three decades ago since the publication of the Brundtland Report by World Commission on Environment and Development. This report stated that development is not synonymous with economic growth alone, but also includes a social and environmental aspect. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) announced the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which has the purpose to eliminate poverty, fight inequality and justice, and to combat climate change. The state members of the UN have to adopt the SDGs agenda as a framework for their political policies and national development agenda until 2030. The SDGs agenda has also affected the heritage management, because heritage with its value of identity and as a repository of cultural, historical, and social memory forms a vital aspect of the development process. Cultural heritage tourism is one of the methods that can bridge cultural heritage to development. However, in many cases the benefits of cultural heritage tourism do not directly flow to the local communities who in fact are the core element of the SDGs and heritage management. Moreover, in developing countries like Indonesia, the local communities have been excluded from the heritage development planning. Heritage practitioners seems to be not familiar with the implementation of the sustainable development concept. However, the heritage tourism at the USAT Liberty site play an important role in the lives of the local people who live nearby, they even actively participate in the management of the site. Many scholars appreciate the local people’s attempts to protect the USAT Liberty site and to help create sustainable heritage tourism. The USAT Liberty provides valuable data on how cultural heritage can be successfully sustained. Thus, by using the USAT Liberty site as case study, this thesis aims to provide suggestion how to achieve sustainable cultural heritage tourism in accordance with the SDGs principles.Show less
