To ensure that the developing world connects to cyberspace in a sustainable and secure way, cyber capacity building is rising on the international agenda. Countries like the Netherlands are...Show moreTo ensure that the developing world connects to cyberspace in a sustainable and secure way, cyber capacity building is rising on the international agenda. Countries like the Netherlands are involved in multiple cyber capacity building initiatives and more developing states are requesting their help. While on the one hand cyber capacity building is welcomed as a ‘neutral’ sustainable development goal, on the other hand scholars raise concerns about the political influence that donor states potentially have on recipient states. When examining the politics of cyberspace that the developing states are entering, the concerns can be justified. For the purpose of validating these concerns, the thesis aims to investigate Dutch cyber capacity building in a case-study. By investigating Dutch political objectives in cyberspace, it is attempted to evaluate the political neutrality of the cyber capacity building initiatives. The thesis finds that the concerns are valid. In the attempt to broaden the coalition of like-minded states, Dutch cyber capacity building promotes Dutch values like human rights and limited government involvement through the promotion of multi-stakeholder internet governance. This implies that recipient states should be aware of the possibility of persuasion by the donor states. Furthermore, more research in the political implications of cyber capacity building is suggested. In the case of Dutch cyber capacity building, more research is needed in the actual effects of the promotion of multi-stakeholderism to assess if this mechanism is successfully deployed as an instrument for foreign policy.Show less
When discussing the concepts of crime and cybercrime, their victims are important key players to understand why these criminal acts takes place. More importantly, with these players taken into...Show moreWhen discussing the concepts of crime and cybercrime, their victims are important key players to understand why these criminal acts takes place. More importantly, with these players taken into account, it is not only possible to understand this concept but also to predict and prevent the crimes that take place. In this thesis, the research focuses on individual victims of cybercrime in the Netherlands and their behavioural characteristics. The aim of this research is to study which behavioural risk factors have a predictive value for victimization, both in the offline as the online world. To answer this question, I designed a digital survey to compare two types of crime; one in the offline world and one in the online world. These two criminal acts have in common that they are comparable with each other, with the only difference that they take place in different worlds. The chosen criminal acts are doorstep scams in the offline world, and phishing in the online world. A scientific literature review, the data collected from the digital questionnaire and the subsequent analysis will answer the sub-questions of this research. It seemed that certain risk factors like socio-economic status, online activities, optimism bias, loneliness, capable guardianship and offline victimization had a significant correlation with victimization. For the factors optimism bias, capable guardianship and loneliness, these results had even a predictive value. Although there is quite an amount of scientific research available on risk factors and victimization, this research shows that there is still not enough knowledge about the behaviour of victims. This is because the studied risk factors have little to do with the actual behaviour of potential victims. Researchers must take a step back to study which existing theories should be better investigated for the existence of other, potential risk factors. With a descent description and formulation of the new risk factors, it would be easier in the future to reduce online and offline victimization based on these risk factors.Show less
Analysis of the main causes why there is not a comprehensive global response to cyber threats. Analysis focuses on state interactions in the UN and CoE.
