In this thesis I will research the way in which Melancholia and The Hours use unconventional notions of time in order to construct an experience of melancholia which provokes certain views on...Show moreIn this thesis I will research the way in which Melancholia and The Hours use unconventional notions of time in order to construct an experience of melancholia which provokes certain views on melancholia. In order to do this, I will first establish what melancholia has meant over the centuries and how it is perceived today. I will also distinguish melancholia from mourning by using Sigmund Freud’s text on ‘Mourning and Melancholia’. Additionally, I will argue how illnesses are used in the arts in order to introduce a character with a certain personality. Later, I will accumulate onto the two films, whereof first The Hours and then Melancholia, specifically focusing on how the state of melancholia is expressed through the unconventional use of time.Show less
Despite the lack of a physical description on the poet’s part, Grendel’s mother is more often than not depicted as a monstrosity. Yet her monstrous nature is the topic of much scholarly debate (e.g...Show moreDespite the lack of a physical description on the poet’s part, Grendel’s mother is more often than not depicted as a monstrosity. Yet her monstrous nature is the topic of much scholarly debate (e.g., Carlson 1967; Kiernan 1984). Generally, scholars group the mother together with her son Grendel and the dragon, and paint her as a monstrous being consumed by evil intent. However, this traditional view has recently been called into question. Hennequin (2008), for instance, reads Grendel’s mother as a human female fighter, disregarding the ‘monster tradition’ of earlier scholars. The aim of the current study is to look closely at arguments both for and against the humanity of Grendel’s mother, before presenting its own critical view on this subject to strengthen the case that she should not be read as a monster but, indeed, as a human. Analysing the poem through a psychoanalytical lens and using Freud’s theory of the id, the ego and the superego shows that the text of Beowulf constructs the female antagonist as a human rather than a monster. Debating this ‘monster tradition’ and accepting Grendel’s mother as human will pave the way for new explorations of Beowulf and its characters, medieval conventions of ‘otherness’ and femininity.Show less