Social media has become a platform for sharing alcohol and other drug (AOD) recovery journeys, with #selflove as a prominent theme. This study explores the association of self- views, positive...Show moreSocial media has become a platform for sharing alcohol and other drug (AOD) recovery journeys, with #selflove as a prominent theme. This study explores the association of self- views, positive emotions, and social connections in the context of social media, particularly regarding #selflove and in AOD recovery. Specifically, social connections are examined as they are considered to be a relevant point of support during the recovery process. Positive emotions are examined, as employing a more positive outlook towards oneself is associated with a more positive self-view and a more sustained recovery process. The dataset comprises 902 posts from Instagram and Twitter in 2019 collected by Ziemer (2022). The present study addresses two research questions: (1) What is the association between positive and negative self-views in social media posts using chi-square analysis to identify a balanced self-view (discussing negative and positive self-views) during the recovery journey, (2) to what extent can positive self-view mentions be predicted through logistic regression, based on expressed connectedness with family/friends, the AOD recovery community, and positive emotions in the posts. Surprisingly, the results challenge the initial hypothesis of predominantly balanced self-views in these posts, as no association was found between mentioning positive and negative self-views within a single post. Contrary to expectations, mentioning positive self- views was not linked to references to connecting with others or positive emotions. Future research should employ more nuanced coding for emotions and social connections. Qualitative measures can help capture potential differences between sharing one's recovery journey online and the actual offline experience.Show less
Background. Parenting plays an important role in the development of adolescent’s emotion regulation (ER). Parental psychological control (PC) is negatively and parental autonomy support (AS) is...Show moreBackground. Parenting plays an important role in the development of adolescent’s emotion regulation (ER). Parental psychological control (PC) is negatively and parental autonomy support (AS) is positively linked to adolescent ER. Impaired ER has been linked to internalizing- and externalizing problems. Parenting is usually examined trough observation or trough self-report methods, but these methods are not interchangeable. Research question. Is adolescent-perceived or observed parenting more important for ER in adolescents, while controlling for depression? Method. In this cross-sectional and multi-method study, 35 depressed and 80 control adolescents (11-17 years) reported on perceived parental PC and AS using the Parental Bonding Inventory and their own behavioral ER using the Children's Emotion Management Scale. Parental PC and AS was observed and scored on the Problem-solving Interaction task. A multiple regression analysis was used. Results. Depressed adolescents showed significantly lower adaptive ER. There were no significant results for adolescent-perceived and observed PC and AS in relation to ER. For the interaction effect of group status with autonomy support, parental support, and ER, no significant results were found. A trend effect was found for the moderating effect between depression and adolescent-perceived PC. Conclusions. Depressed adolescents showed significantly lower adaptive ER, demonstrating the need for ER focused interventions. For teens in middle adolescence, PC and AS parenting did not have a significant effect on their ER. Lastly, when depressed adolescents experienced their parents as more psychologically controlling, they had more difficulty with their ER, highlighting the potential benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy.Show less
A negotiation between two parties can result in different outcomes, leading to either integrative or distributive outcomes. What’s more, individual aspects such as emotions and personality...Show moreA negotiation between two parties can result in different outcomes, leading to either integrative or distributive outcomes. What’s more, individual aspects such as emotions and personality characteristics can determine one’s negotiation style. In this study, dyads were divided into three conditions and took part in a negotiation task to measure whether the timing of introducing new issues influence the integrative outcomes. Emotions as measured by the PANAS-SF, and personality characteristics as measured by the Big Five Personality Trait Test tested the influence of these variables on the individual outcome. No effect of the order on the integrative outcome was found, and emotions and personality characteristics did not seem to influence the individual outcome. Future research could explore the role of being acquainted with the other negotiator and time pressure on the negotiation outcomes.Show less
Throughout development, children rely heavily on social referencing to help them make difficult choices and to regulate their emotions and behavior. The expressions and facial mimicry of parents,...Show moreThroughout development, children rely heavily on social referencing to help them make difficult choices and to regulate their emotions and behavior. The expressions and facial mimicry of parents, teachers and other adults who are part of a child’s life play a large role in this process. Although it was first believed that this mechanism was just another part of motor mimicry, results of previous studies tell us otherwise. It appears that expressions and mimicry are strongly influenced by context, such as likeability, bias, and similarity. Based on this knowledge, the current study looked at the effect of externalizing behavior and gender of a child on the automatic facial responses of adults and took a possible moderating effect of an existing gender bias into account. The sample consisted of 25 participants who completed two EMG tasks to measure facial mimicry and the IAT to measure gender bias. Results show that there appears to be a difference in mimicry when looking at happy boys. Participants frown more towards happy externalizing boys than towards happy internalizing boys, a possible sign of disapproval. Bias also appeared to have an effect. Only participants with a lower bias score showed the aforementioned behavior towards happy boys, possibly because of the influence of expectations and empathy. The results show us that a small amount of information can influence the way adults behave towards children, even if the viewer is not familiar with the child.Show less
The acknowledgement of climate change as a contemporary existential threat to humankind has been prompting scholarly debate on how it might influence the future of nation-states, nationalism, and...Show moreThe acknowledgement of climate change as a contemporary existential threat to humankind has been prompting scholarly debate on how it might influence the future of nation-states, nationalism, and their makings. This theoretical discussion has notably included the question of whether appealing to the emotions of nationalism could make national communities willing to make the effort and sacrifice needed to tackle climate change. It remains to be questioned, however, what are the implications of resorting to the affective blueprint provided by nationalism in the era of climate change in both scholarship and policymaking. By performing Qualitative Content Analysis and Emotional Discourse Analysis, this work aims to address this question by empirically mapping the narratives and emotions of the nationalist environmental rhetoric of President Jair Bolsonaro’s administration in Brazil, one that portrays climate change as a threat to the nation-state’s identity and sovereignty and yet explicitly advances climate denialism. The empirical results indicate three core problems with the emotions of nationalism in the era of climate change as they entail five distinct types of exclusions. It is hoped that this research can provide evidence of what the implications of resorting to nationalism may be as far-right nativist populism makes its way into global politics. Importantly, it also seeks to dialogue with attempts at creating typologies of national discourses engaging with climate change and with methodological efforts to systematically incorporate emotions as a promising level of analysis in International Relations research.Show less
Recent years has seen an expansion of literature on the effects of emotions in eWOM. Theories on attribution, source credibility, and the relationship between informative value and perceived...Show moreRecent years has seen an expansion of literature on the effects of emotions in eWOM. Theories on attribution, source credibility, and the relationship between informative value and perceived rationality have given rise to a multitude of experiments on the effects of emotions on eWOM. This body of literature has shown that expressions of anger in online reviews lower the informative value of the review. The current research investigates the effects of reviewer history on an angry review of a hotel. Specifically, what effects a consistent angry, consistent happy or a mixed reviewer history has on the informative value of an angry target review, the perceived rationality of the reviewer and the intention to visit the hotel. Results indicate that a consistently angry reviewer history lowers informative value of a target review with expressions of anger and also lowers the perceived rationality of a reviewer, while the intention to visit the hotel reviewed in the target review is stronger. Finally, we discussed the results, implications and limitations of the current research.Show less
New forms of explicit racism find their way on social media platforms, such as Facebook or Twitter, through hate speech and social exclusion. This study looks at mechanisms behind social judgment...Show moreNew forms of explicit racism find their way on social media platforms, such as Facebook or Twitter, through hate speech and social exclusion. This study looks at mechanisms behind social judgment online and the influence of race and emotion. An online experiment was designed to test whether Black faces are rated as less friendly compared to White (hypothesis 1) and whether positive Tweets lead to a higher friendliness rating compared to negative or neutral (hypothesis 2). Further, an interaction effect between race and emotionality on friendliness judgment was assessed assuming that the difference between friendliness rating of Black and White faces depends on the emotionality of the Tweet (hypothesis 3). Finally, a questionnaire was administered to test for cultural diversity awareness (CDA), assuming heightened CDA is connected to less racial bias (hypothesis 4). Findings indicate that there is a significant effect of race on friendliness decision, but contrasting hypothesis 1 it was revealed that Black faces were instead rated as more friendly. The effect of emotionality was found significant, indicating that positive Tweets lead to higher friendliness ratings. The interaction effect was non-significant and no difference in friendliness judgment between the two races across the emotionality categories was found. Lastly, a significant negative correlation was found between CDA and racial bias, suggesting a positive influence of CDA. The findings give an important indication for the role racial biases and emotionality play in judgment formation.Show less
Emotion is one of the most important reasons why people listen to music. The present study looked at how perceived and felt emotions are elicited by music by measuring valence and arousal, and the...Show moreEmotion is one of the most important reasons why people listen to music. The present study looked at how perceived and felt emotions are elicited by music by measuring valence and arousal, and the effect of tempo on this ratings. The role of empathy in the relationship between perceived and felt emotions was also investigated. 153 participants were recruited and asked to listen to positive, neutral, and negative music pieces by completing a tapping task. The results showed that there is an association between tempo and perceived and felt emotions and that there are differences between perceived and felt emotions for positive, neutral, and negative music pieces. Furthermore, it was shown that empathy acts a moderator for the differences between perceived and felt emotions. In this way, how different emotions are evoked by music was studied and the role of empathy in this mechanism. This has important implications for understanding how emotions are used during social interactions and can be helpful for the development of therapeutic approaches that make use of music.Show less
This thesis will test the hypothesis that Turkish- Dutch teenagers and Dutch English as a second learner teenagers, code-switch back to their first language, Turkish or Dutch when they are...Show moreThis thesis will test the hypothesis that Turkish- Dutch teenagers and Dutch English as a second learner teenagers, code-switch back to their first language, Turkish or Dutch when they are expressing the emotions ‘anger’ and ‘happiness’ in Dutch (second language for the Turkish-Dutch teenagers) or English (second language for the Turkish- Dutch teenagers, but third language for the Turkish- Dutch teenagers). According to scholars like Dewaele and Pavlenko among others, the first language is more encoded in the bilingual’s memory and that the first language feels more vivid and natural to the bilingual participant or the second language learner, therefore they codeswitch back to their first language when they are expressing strong emotions such as ‘anger’(Dewaele 119). However, there are also participants from Pavlenko’s study who claim to express their emotions in their second language, because it is the language of self-control. In order to test the hypothesis, 16 Turkish- Dutch participants and 16 Dutch participants, who varied between the ages twelve till twenty-one, had to fill in a survey, which contains questions about language exposure and language use. The survey also contains indirect questions about social- economic status. After the survey the participants were asked to do a role-play in either Dutch or English. They were randomly given a cartoon, which contains animals who were either best friends or complete strangers to each other, the cartoon had either a good end or unhappy end. The participants were audio-recorded and these audio recordings were transcribed word for word. Later on, they received a qualitrics link to fill in a final survey for a follow up study. The results of the survey, transcribed conversations and the follow up study were analysed on the base of sex, age, and ethnicity. Due to the experimental setting, the hypothesis could not be confirmed.Show less
Bachelor thesis | Nederlandse taal en cultuur (BA)
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In deze scriptie is onderzocht hoe pathos in reclames gebruikt kan worden om een poging te doen positieve emoties op te roepen bij ontvangers, door een positieve gevolgtrekking te maken tussen een...Show moreIn deze scriptie is onderzocht hoe pathos in reclames gebruikt kan worden om een poging te doen positieve emoties op te roepen bij ontvangers, door een positieve gevolgtrekking te maken tussen een sport en het product. Met die positieve gevolgtrekking wordt bedoeld dat het subject na inname van het consumeringsproduct plotseling erg goede sportprestaties kan leveren. De aanleiding hiervoor betrof een citaat van De Brauw e.a. (2016) waarin gesteld werd dat door de associatie met sport positieve emoties opgeroepen worden voor ongezonde producten. De vraag was daarom op welke manieren dit kan gebeuren. Pathos betekent het opwekken van emoties bij het publiek en is een technisch overtuigingsmiddel ontwikkeld in de klassieke retorica. Hierbij kunnen uiteraard positieve of negatieve emoties opgewekt worden, maar in deze scriptie staat de positieve variant centraal. Het blijkt dat pathos in reclames ingezet kan worden door middel van het gebruik van bepaalde stilistische middelen in vorm en beeld, of door het gebruik van humor. Na analyse aan de hand van de methode van analytische inductie zijn twee reclames geanalyseerd op het voorkomen van pathos, en hoe pathos opgewekt wordt in die reclames. Door toepassing van humor kunnen positieve emoties opgeroepen worden. Daarnaast kan de ontvanger een impliciete vergelijking maken met het subject in de reclame, waarbij dus het stilistische en/of argumentatorische middel van de vergelijking wordt gebruikt.Show less
