Advances in digital recording technology make it possible to document three-dimensional data during excavation. Yet this opens up the question: what do we do with this data? Is there an added value...Show moreAdvances in digital recording technology make it possible to document three-dimensional data during excavation. Yet this opens up the question: what do we do with this data? Is there an added value to recording 3D data that exceeds traditional 2D drawing approaches? Various 3D GIS workflows have been introduced over the years, yet little research has been done exploring the analytical possibilities of this approach. This thesis presents an effective workflow for creating a vector-based 3D GIS model that is capable of operating in the four subsystems of GIS: data entry, data storage, analysis, and visualization. Three excavation trenches from the Chalcolithic site of Chlorakas-Palloures, Cyprus are modeled using TS spatial data and 3D photogrammetry models. Moreover, three methods are introduced for modeling the volume of stratigraphic units using the capabilities of Esri ArcScene. This approach presents a significant advantage over 2D plan and section drawings in regards to stratigraphic analysis. The excavation database can be joined within the 3D GIS environment and easily queried, thus creating a complete 3D spatial database of all excavated materials. Using this method, it is possible to find spatial correlations between units in trenches that may have been excavated at different times. Furthermore, unit relations identified in the field can be visualized and verified in an intuitive, user-friendly interface. Along with being able to depict features and materials found within the interior of the trench, models can be cross-sectioned at any angle and in any direction to show the stratigraphic sequence. This is particularly helpful in aiding in the stratigraphic studies of Chalcolithic sites in Cyprus which have characteristically shallow occupation layers and are subject to extensive post-depositional processes. Stratigraphic analysis of the modeled trenches provides evidence of multiple occupation phases at the site, thus supporting the idea of dynamic settlement patterns during the Late Chalcolithic period in Cyprus. However, the ability to create a 3D GIS model is predicated on the quality and type of data recorded in the field. Volumetric modeling methods showed promise for depicting certain types of features, yet these must be improved in order to accurately represent the volume of all excavated units. An ideal documentation method is introduced that addresses these deficiencies and presents a means of capturing the volumetric data needed for creating a true 3D GIS model for stratigraphic analysis.Show less
