This thesis departs from a paradox surrounding Argentine race relations wherein the nation houses Indigenous, brown and black identities, yet solely perceives itself as white and structurally...Show moreThis thesis departs from a paradox surrounding Argentine race relations wherein the nation houses Indigenous, brown and black identities, yet solely perceives itself as white and structurally denies racism. Through a constructivist and critical lens it explores how Indigenous, brown and black identities were repressed by and resisted the construction of ‘White Argentina’, and how Identidad Marrón as an embodiment of these identities is challenging the white national archetype. After identifying a knowledge gap regarding brown identities, it is argued that since its foundation and despite its hegemony the white nation and its whitening policies have been in continuous negotiation with non-white identities, whose resistance through violent means, such as malones – raids primarily carried out by Mapuche people, and art, writing and poetry were constructed as a threat. At present, Identidad Marrón and its antiracist discourses (re)emerged as a challenge to ‘White Argentina’ through two modes of resistance: writing disseminated through protest and art. The interrelation between the antiracist movement and Argentina's nation-building process is analyzed through Primary Source Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis. Finally, studying social movements akin to Identidad Marrón and their link to nation-building endavours in Latin America and beyond and thereby creating a body of research and societal narratives that counter racialized representations of people of colour can inspire change by giving recognition to marginalized identities, such as marrones, questioning exclusionary foundational myths and dismantling structural and systemic racism to lead the way into an increasingly inclusive future.Show less
Over the last 30 years, the Moroccan migration waves in the Netherlands contributed to a change of ''the Dutch culture’’. The arrival of this group has influenced this dynamic process. The...Show moreOver the last 30 years, the Moroccan migration waves in the Netherlands contributed to a change of ''the Dutch culture’’. The arrival of this group has influenced this dynamic process. The integration policies of the government changed as well over time. Since 9/11 and the murder of politician Pim Fortuyn and director Theo van Gogh, the political debate in the Netherlands seems to be entirely focused on how the ‘national identity’ is threatened by Muslim fundamentalism and the alleged failure of the ethnic integration policy of a multicultural society. In the current Dutch political climate, Dutch-Moroccan youth are often labelled as a root problem, paired with a lot of negative (media) attention. The (mostly) negative appearance of Dutch-Moroccan youth in the public sphere also affects the formation of their identity. Aside from being subjected to many negative stereotypes, this group received little academic nor media attention within the Dutch society. Trying to break from the negative stereotypes, Dutch-Moroccan rappers use hip-hop music as a tool to resist. This research analysed Dutch-Moroccan rap music to understand the process of identity formation. Through this research, the main question is answered of what the role is of Dutch Moroccan rap music in the process of identity formation among Dutch Moroccan youth in the Netherlands. This provided a deeper understanding of how the analysed Dutch Moroccan rappers present themselves, and represent others. The analysis of the lyrics provided an insight into the individual story of the analysed Dutch Moroccan artists: Appa and Salah Edin.Show less
