The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in prosocial behavior and social cognition. However, little is known on the influence of oxytocin on the perception of infant positive and negative...Show moreThe neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in prosocial behavior and social cognition. However, little is known on the influence of oxytocin on the perception of infant positive and negative characteristics. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, 40 females (Mage = 20.11) were asked to rate characteristics of infants with high, medium and low infantile physical features before and after receiving nasal spray containing either 16 IU of oxytocin or placebo. We found an increase of adults` perception of infant positive characteristics over time. In both conditions females perceived infants with less infantile physical features as displaying significantly more positive characteristics at posttreatment compared to pretreatment. We also found that participants perceived positive characteristics of infants in the high infantile physical features category as even more positive at posttreatment compared to pretreatment, but depending on treatment. Participants who received placebo perceived infants with more infantile physical features as more positive at posttreatment than at pretreatment, but oxytocin prevented increase on positive perception. Females who received oxytocin perceived infants with high infantile physical features almost equally positive both at pretreatment and at posttreatment. We conclude that when young adults are already highly prosocial to infants with infantile physical features, oxytocin may prevent an even more positive perception of infants. Our findings indicate that the effects of oxytocin are nuanced, and its effects contingent on personal and contextual factors.Show less
