With ever-increasing numbers of migration, an effective integration for refugees becomes more important every day. Abraço Cultural is a Brazilian NGO that aims to employ refugees and train them to...Show moreWith ever-increasing numbers of migration, an effective integration for refugees becomes more important every day. Abraço Cultural is a Brazilian NGO that aims to employ refugees and train them to be language teachers for their native language, whilst also teaching students about their home country's culture. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Abraço Cultural's aid in integration by analyzing interviews held with refugees in their employment. It aims to measure Abraço Cultural's success rate by comparing it to domains for integration as laid out in a theoretical framework by Ager and Strang (2008).Show less
The purpose of this research is to investigate the socio-economic and associated political circumstances that inform the conditions of non-nationals participating in the South African cultural...Show moreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the socio-economic and associated political circumstances that inform the conditions of non-nationals participating in the South African cultural industry. This is in light of previous literature on cultural productions of diasporas but applied to the specific context of Johannesburg. The exploration is relevant in contributing to discussions surrounding the South-South migration, sustainable immigration and integration, gatekeeping practices, as well as providing arguments for more inclusive cultural policy making decisions. Central to this research are questions regarding barriers to the creative sector, the use of hybrid form and content in cultural productions of non-nationals, and the dichotomy between ‘self-presentation’ and ‘other-presentation’ of non-nationals in institutionalized spaces. The research is conducted using a multimodal discourse analysis and took place during a research internship at a Johannesburg-based emerging artists center. Primary analysis is in the form of nine semi-structured interviews (in-person and online) whereas secondary analysis examines the content of the creative products of each respondent. Findings show that the cultural production of non-nationals is affected the most by local market demands and financial considerations. There is clear evidence that respondents wish to assimilate their works into the local scene by using specific business strategies and aesthetic adaptations. Therefore, respondents do not wish to highlight themselves as ‘others’ in their ‘self-presentation’. This posed a direct contrast to institutional framing techniques that highlight diasporic individuals in a tokenizing way. The logistics of migration and xenophobia prove to be the greatest challenges for non-nationals but despite this, individuals wish to remain in Johannesburg and continue working in the cultural industries.Show less
In this paper, I observe policy changes by established parties which react strategically to new right challengers with a hard stance on migration/integration policies. By assessing parliamentary...Show moreIn this paper, I observe policy changes by established parties which react strategically to new right challengers with a hard stance on migration/integration policies. By assessing parliamentary speech data in a quantitative text analysis with Wordscores in combination with a manual content analysis, I contribute to the ongoing debate of how and when mainstream parties change their positions on the migration/integration dimension. I focus on Germany from 2011 – 2018 to evaluate the effect of the new right challenger “Alternative für Deutschland” (AfD) which became successful in the light of the so called ‘refugee crisis’. Both the quantitative text analysis and the manual content analysis find no effect for established parties before the AfD entered the parliament and observe a clear adversarial strategy of left Parties when the AfD entered parliament.Show less
This thesis delves into how the so-called 'European refugee crisis' of 2015 impacted the parliamentary migration and integration discourse in the Netherlands. The study focuses on the eleven...Show moreThis thesis delves into how the so-called 'European refugee crisis' of 2015 impacted the parliamentary migration and integration discourse in the Netherlands. The study focuses on the eleven parties in the Second Chamber of the Netherlands during the Cabinet Rutte- Asscher (2012-2017). The expected changes in the Dutch parliamentary discourse are the use of the 'frame of reason' to bring together contrary discourses and the criminalization of refugees by left-wing parties. This thesis remains open to other changes in discourse by using a grounded theory approach to discourse analysis. In this way, the migration and integration discourse can be studied in an open-minded and differentiated way. This thesis shows that most elements of the ‘frame of reason’ were used during the refugee crisis and that a separation of left-wing parties occurred in which some left-wing parties started to criminalize refugees. In line with Waerniers & Hustinx (2019), a conditionality of residence rights and citizenship for different types of migrants emerged in the debate. Mair's (2009) concepts of responsiveness and responsibility were used to offer a possible explanation for the shifts in the discourse of the parties in government.Show less
In the course of the last decade, the previously confident notion that European integration is a one-way street has been shattered. The successive and concurrent Eurozone, Schengen and Brexit...Show moreIn the course of the last decade, the previously confident notion that European integration is a one-way street has been shattered. The successive and concurrent Eurozone, Schengen and Brexit crises have rocked the landscape of European integration discourse. The nature and impact of this “age of crisis” has seen the near collapse of the European Union’s common currency, a migration crisis that caused the temporary suspension of the Schengen agreement and the first case of a European Member State in the history of modern European integration. Since the “original six” members consisting of France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg signed the Treaty of Paris in 1952 the European integration process has never faced such a rapid development of crises before. The resulting flurry of academic discourse has led to a renewed focus on European integration theory and questioned the ability of the three “grand” European integration theories of Liberal Intergovernmentalism, Neofunctionalism and Postfunctionalism to explain this rapid succession of crises. This thesis argues that rather than being in a single state of integrational stability or instability there are in fact “two Europes” at play. Economic Europe is a stable integration process with a strong base and steady support from its Member States. Political Europe, on the other hand, is only marginally integrated, lacking in support, and in constant danger of being either abandoned or “put on the back burner”.Show less
This thesis looks at the collective memory of trauma and its affect on European integration. It does so by analysing two migrant groups from the first decade after WW2, ethnic minorities surviving...Show moreThis thesis looks at the collective memory of trauma and its affect on European integration. It does so by analysing two migrant groups from the first decade after WW2, ethnic minorities surviving the Holocaust, and displaced German migrants reintegrating into West Germany, and how their experience influenced European integration. I discuss trauma theory, with reference to these two cases, to show its significance in relation to the integration of migrants into European multicultural society, providing further scope for analysis in academia. After a section on global perspectives of migration and multiculturalism, this thesis argues that trauma is a fundamental part of the migrant identity, which influences their integration into their new society. As European multiculturalism began to be rethought in Germany after WW2, trauma and memory of the war was the main cultural similarity between these two cases of migrants and local Germans, which began to reform integration perspective. This perspective of collective trauma and the socio-economic gains migrants brought to the economy would mark these reforms in European integration. This research can offer a niche in the debate on modern day political issues, for example populism and anti-globalisation rhetoric, as European states share different experiences on migrant trauma, and contrasting views on integration as a result of their multicultural perspective.Show less
This paper looks at the PvdA and the Dutch labour unions'response to the immigration flows of the 1960s and 1970s. How did the PvdA and the labour unions accommodate these new groups of immigrants...Show moreThis paper looks at the PvdA and the Dutch labour unions'response to the immigration flows of the 1960s and 1970s. How did the PvdA and the labour unions accommodate these new groups of immigrants into their policies.Show less
The British Conservative party’s initiation of the 2016 EU Referendum reflects a drastic change in the party’s attitude towards integration, contrasting greatly with the views it once held in 1973...Show moreThe British Conservative party’s initiation of the 2016 EU Referendum reflects a drastic change in the party’s attitude towards integration, contrasting greatly with the views it once held in 1973 when the Conservative party led the United Kingdom into the EU. Contemporary literature surrounding the growth of Euroscepticism within British political parties has largely maintained a focus on present-day and future developments, though little exploration has been conducted surrounding its historical maturation within the Conservative party, specifically asking why and how the Tories experienced a gradual shift towards an anti-integrationist attitude from the 1970s onwards. Consequently, this paper will seek to further more effectively understand why the Conservative party’s attitude towards European integration has lacked a high degree of consistency over time.Show less
Over the last 30 years, the Moroccan migration waves in the Netherlands contributed to a change of ''the Dutch culture’’. The arrival of this group has influenced this dynamic process. The...Show moreOver the last 30 years, the Moroccan migration waves in the Netherlands contributed to a change of ''the Dutch culture’’. The arrival of this group has influenced this dynamic process. The integration policies of the government changed as well over time. Since 9/11 and the murder of politician Pim Fortuyn and director Theo van Gogh, the political debate in the Netherlands seems to be entirely focused on how the ‘national identity’ is threatened by Muslim fundamentalism and the alleged failure of the ethnic integration policy of a multicultural society. In the current Dutch political climate, Dutch-Moroccan youth are often labelled as a root problem, paired with a lot of negative (media) attention. The (mostly) negative appearance of Dutch-Moroccan youth in the public sphere also affects the formation of their identity. Aside from being subjected to many negative stereotypes, this group received little academic nor media attention within the Dutch society. Trying to break from the negative stereotypes, Dutch-Moroccan rappers use hip-hop music as a tool to resist. This research analysed Dutch-Moroccan rap music to understand the process of identity formation. Through this research, the main question is answered of what the role is of Dutch Moroccan rap music in the process of identity formation among Dutch Moroccan youth in the Netherlands. This provided a deeper understanding of how the analysed Dutch Moroccan rappers present themselves, and represent others. The analysis of the lyrics provided an insight into the individual story of the analysed Dutch Moroccan artists: Appa and Salah Edin.Show less
This thesis researches the sense of national identity of the Colombians living in Venezuela that in the current migration crisis are returning to their home country. The sense of national identity...Show moreThis thesis researches the sense of national identity of the Colombians living in Venezuela that in the current migration crisis are returning to their home country. The sense of national identity is examined along the motives for migration, transnationalism and integration.Show less
This research paper aims to identify and comment on the different meanings of the notion ‘integration’ as used in Austrian public discourse. This critical discourse analysis reveals how the term...Show moreThis research paper aims to identify and comment on the different meanings of the notion ‘integration’ as used in Austrian public discourse. This critical discourse analysis reveals how the term has been employed in the months preceding and following the Austrian legislative election of 2017 in order to make statements about migrants in Austria. Statements such as “we can speak of successful integration, when the migrant feels truly Austrian in the heart” by the country’s current prime minister are investigated in order to reveal what types of conceptualizations of integration circulate in the public debate and discourse. The discursively strongest linked meanings and associations to integration are the ones of German language acquisition, becoming a member of society, assimilation and the Islamic community. Other existing meanings include illegality and a burden resting on the receiving society.Show less
Migration has been one of the most prevailing issues in European public, political and academic debate over the last few years. Due to its specific geographical location within Europe and its...Show moreMigration has been one of the most prevailing issues in European public, political and academic debate over the last few years. Due to its specific geographical location within Europe and its reputation as a stable welfare state, Austria has become an important country of asylum. Today, it is one of the European countries which hosts most asylum seekers relative to its population. At the same time, politically and legally, Austria embodies one of the most conservative integration regimes in Western Europe. At a societal level, integration is widely negatively connoted―especially with reference to Muslim immigrants―and islamophobia and hostility towards Muslims has increased. In the light of the recent inflow of migrants from Muslim-majority countries, Austria seems to be forced to effectively engage with the adoption of integration measures that fit a country of immigration with sensibility towards the general public’s islamophobic tendencies. To investigate into the topic further, my thesis aims at covering integration from three perspectives: the role of the Austrian government, the predominant perceptions of Austria's society and of immigrants from the Middle East, including my own data collection. My thesis therefore focuses on the following question: What are some of the legal, political and socio-cultural aspects that have influenced and determined the integration process of Middle Eastern immigrants in Austria since 9/11?Show less
In dit onderzoek is getracht om een antwoord te vinden op de vraag of de perceptie van verwelkoming invloed heeft op het land waar een Afghaanse migrant in Nederland zich mee verbonden voelt.De...Show moreIn dit onderzoek is getracht om een antwoord te vinden op de vraag of de perceptie van verwelkoming invloed heeft op het land waar een Afghaanse migrant in Nederland zich mee verbonden voelt.De Afghaanse vluchtelingen die tussen 1989 en 2001 naar Nederland zijn gekomen zijn te verdelen in drie categorieën, verdeeld naar het land waar ze zich het meeste mee verbonden voelen. 16 respondenten zijn geïnterviewd. Het onderzoek lijkt er op te wijzen dat de perceptie van verwelkoming een impact heeft op het land waarmee een migrant zich verbonden voelt. Behulpzaamheid vanuit officiële instanties werd door respondenten gewaardeerd, maar is uiteindelijk maar een beperkt onderdeel van de perceptie van verwelkoming. Naast de officiële opvang speelt namelijk de verwelkoming vanuit de sociale omgeving van de migranten een grote rol: veel respondenten die zich maar ten dele of niet met Nederland verbonden voelen hebben aangegeven in meer of mindere mate last te hebben gehad van stigmatisering, waardoor ze zich niet volledig hebben kunnen ontwikkelen en vestigen in de Nederlandse maatschappij.Show less
It is exactly 100 years ago (1911) that hundreds of Chinese migrants set foot in the Netherlands. They were seamen employed by Dutch shipping companies and came originally from Guangdong province...Show moreIt is exactly 100 years ago (1911) that hundreds of Chinese migrants set foot in the Netherlands. They were seamen employed by Dutch shipping companies and came originally from Guangdong province in China. The Chinese community has now grown into a highly diverse community of 100,000 people. It is highly diverse in terms of their place of birth, socio-economic status and immigration history. Among the Chinese immigrants originating from the New Territories in Hong Kong who re-migrated from Britain to the Netherlands in the 1950s, there was a significant lineage, i.e. the Man lineage. Currently, this lineage in the Netherlands is made up of approximately 2000 – 2500 members and in Britain over 4000 members who share the same surname ‘Man’. This thesis has sought to find out what were the causes of migration that contributed to the exodus of the Man lineage to Europe from two particular villages – namely San Tin and Chau Tau – in the New Territories in Hong Kong. The thesis has conducted a comprehensive analysis that consists of a three-level examination, namely that of the macro, meso and micro levels. As a matter of fact, the rationale behind such decisions demonstrates the interaction between structure and agency, culminating in chain migration. In other words, factors such as colonialism, the economic situation, national immigration policies and established social networks all played a role in the decision-making process, making transnational migration possible. It has also demonstrated that family structure has a strong correlation with the pattern of migration. This thesis has also identified certain major changes in relation to the Man lineage in Europe as a result of migration. First of all, there has been an upward social mobility. Second, there has been a conversion in consciousness, notably, from a diasporic consciousness to a transcultural consciousness. Finally, there has been a change in social relationship among the second and the third generation Man lineage members since, according to the survey, they do not have close ties with their their agnates established in Europe and in the New Territories or the villages of their ancestors.Show less
