This study investigates the relationship between autistic traits, interoceptive awareness, and sensorimotor cognitive flexibility. Building on the Interoceptive Trait Prediction Error (ITPE) theory...Show moreThis study investigates the relationship between autistic traits, interoceptive awareness, and sensorimotor cognitive flexibility. Building on the Interoceptive Trait Prediction Error (ITPE) theory, it is hypothesized that autistic traits are predictive of cognitive flexibility in a negative direction, while interoceptive awareness is predictive of cognitive flexibility in a positive direction. Interoceptive awareness was measured with the eight subscales of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2 (Noticing, Not Distracting, Not Worrying, Attention Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Self-Regulation, Body Listening, and Trust), and autistic traits were measured with the short version of the Autism Quotient (AQ-10). Sensorimotor cognitive flexibility was measured with a virtual reality game task. With the data of 80 participants, a multiple linear regression was performed. Emotional awareness significantly and positively predicted cognitive flexibility, which can be explained through the lens of emotion regulation. Autistic traits significantly predicted cognitive flexibility in a negative direction. However, the regression model in which these predictors existed was insignificant, leading to overall inconclusive results. Future replication based on our limitations is encouraged, and the necessity of similar research is underlined in light of autistic trait networks.Show less
In level 3 automated vehicles, drivers are not required to pay attention to the road but are still expected to respond quickly to a Take Over Request (TOR) in unexpected conditions. As this...Show moreIn level 3 automated vehicles, drivers are not required to pay attention to the road but are still expected to respond quickly to a Take Over Request (TOR) in unexpected conditions. As this presents a danger to road safety, exploring design solutions for the TOR is imperative. Research has shown that reaction times can be made faster by manipulating the perceived ownership of an avatar by making it glow in synchrony with a participant’s physiology. Interestingly, this effect was increased for those with high empathy. We investigated whether this manipulation could be used to reduce reaction times to a TOR. Furthermore, we investigated whether reaction times would decrease more in those with high empathy and whether the manipulation would increase perceived ownership of the vehicle, as measured by a self-identification questionnaire. Participants were in a driving simulation in virtual reality, where ambient lighting pulsed around them in synchrony with their breathing. Unfortunately, the results found did not support our hypothesis. There was not enough evidence to conclude that visuo-respiratory synchronization facilitates faster responses to a TOR in a Level 3 automated vehicle. In line with these results, we did not find evidence of self-identification with the vehicle after visuo-respiratory synchronization. However, we found promising results about the relationship between empathy and reaction times during visuo-respiratory synchronization. A post hoc analysis revealed a clear negative relationship. As empathy increased, reaction times to the TOR decreased, indicating that the effect of our manipulation increased as empathy got higher.Show less
While a general emotion recognition impairment in autistic individuals has been suggested in the past, more recent findings propose that alexithymia plays a major role in this relationship....Show moreWhile a general emotion recognition impairment in autistic individuals has been suggested in the past, more recent findings propose that alexithymia plays a major role in this relationship. Interoception has been theorized to be a factor explaining interindividual differences in emotion recognition and possibly mediating the relationship between alexithymia and emotion recognition. Both alexithymia and autism, have been found to be negatively related to measures of interoception. Therefore, we investigated whether alexithymia, not autism, would be a significant predictor of emotion recognition performance and hypothesized that trait levels of autism and alexithymia would be negatively related to measures of interoception. Additionally, we explored whether interoception mediates the expected negative relationship between trait levels and emotion recognition. A total of 100 participants completed a naturalistic emotion recognition task, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Cambridge Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) in an online environment. Our hypotheses regarding the relationship between trait levels and emotion recognition, as well as interoception as a mediator, were not supported. However, in line with our expectations, we did observe a marginally significant effect indicating a negative relationship between interoception and alexithymia. Overall, our findings endorse research that links interoception with alexithymia and hence, provide an indication of why alexithymia, not autism, could be a mechanism in emotion recognition impairments. However, to understand the interplay between all factors more thoroughly, further research is necessary. We discuss how an improved understanding could have important implications for the conceptualization of autism.Show less
Prejudice is an emotion-specific phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of predictors. In this paper, we looked at interoceptive sensitivity (IS) as a potential determinant of prejudice through...Show morePrejudice is an emotion-specific phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of predictors. In this paper, we looked at interoceptive sensitivity (IS) as a potential determinant of prejudice through emotional sensitivity, especially disgust. We had five hypotheses including the last one being exploratory. (1) Higher IS would lead to higher prejudice. (2) Greater IS would lead to higher disgust sensitivity (DS). (3) Greater DS would lead to higher prejudice. (4) Greater IS would lead to increased prejudice through increased DS. (5) Higher IS would lead to increased prejudice through different emotional sensitives (fear, anger, disgust). IS was measured using a heartbeat detection task and other variables were measured using questionnaires. Regression analysis was used to analyze the results. As part of the exploratory analysis, principal component analysis was used to identify potential prejudice subscales. Findings showed all the hypotheses to be insignificant. The key finding of exploratory analysis is that IS was not significantly related to any of the emotion specific prejudice measures. Main limitations were the sample size and its characteristics. In the future, complex emotions could be examined within this analysis and disgust could be manipulated to see if prejudice towards disgust eliciting groups change.Show less
While a general emotion recognition impairment in autistic individuals has been suggested in the past, more recent findings propose that alexithymia plays a major role in this relationship....Show moreWhile a general emotion recognition impairment in autistic individuals has been suggested in the past, more recent findings propose that alexithymia plays a major role in this relationship. Interoception has been theorized to be a factor explaining interindividual differences in emotion recognition and possibly mediating the relationship between alexithymia and emotion recognition. Both alexithymia and autism, have been found to be negatively related to measures of interoception. Therefore, we investigated whether alexithymia, not autism, would be a significant predictor of emotion recognition performance and hypothesized that trait levels of autism and alexithymia would be negatively related to measures of interoception. Additionally, we explored whether interoception mediates the expected negative relationship between trait levels and emotion recognition. A total of 100 participants completed a naturalistic emotion recognition task, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Cambridge Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) in an online environment. Our hypotheses regarding the relationship between trait levels and emotion recognition, as well as interoception as a mediator, were not supported. However, in line with our expectations, we did observe a marginally significant effect indicating a negative relationship between interoception and alexithymia. Overall, our findings endorse research that links interoception with alexithymia and hence, provide an indication of why alexithymia, not autism, could be a mechanism in emotion recognition impairments. However, to understand the interplay between all factors more thoroughly, further research is necessary. We discuss how an improved understanding could have important implications for the conceptualization of autism.Show less
